Prevention of G-Induced Effects on Vision and Consciousness During Simulated Suborbital Spaceflight.

Introduction: During centrifuge-simulated suborbital spaceplane flights, launch and re-entry frequently cause visual symptoms, and G-induced loss of consciousness can occur. G-related effects may be more prominent during re-entry from microgravity on actual flights. A modified anti-G maneuver that does not involve a breath strain and is suitable for members of the public may be effective against these effects.

Bi-allelic variants in DAP3 result in reduced assembly of the mitoribosomal small subunit with altered apoptosis and a Perrault-syndrome-spectrum phenotype.

The mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome) synthesizes 13 protein subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation system encoded by the mitochondrial genome. The mitoribosome is composed of 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and 82 mitoribosomal proteins encoded by nuclear genes. To date, variants in 12 genes encoding mitoribosomal proteins are associated with rare monogenic disorders and frequently show combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency.

Cryogenic Electron Microscopy of Rift Valley Fever Virus.

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an important livestock and human pathogen. It is also a potential bioweapon owing to its ability to spread by aerosols. It is an enveloped virus containing surface protrusions composed of two viral glycoproteins, G and G; the viral core contains ribonucleoprotein complexes.

Metabolic Characterization of Deceased Donor Kidneys Undergoing Hypothermic Machine Perfusion Before Transplantation Using C-enriched Glucose.

Background: The provision of a metabolic substrate is one mechanism by which hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) of kidneys provides clinical benefit. This study aimed to describe metabolism in ex vivo human kidneys undergoing HMP before transplantation using C-labeled glucose as a metabolic tracer.

Methods: Cadaveric human kidneys were perfused with modified clinical-grade perfusion fluid (kidney perfusion solution [KPS-1], Organ Recovery Systems), in which glucose was uniformly enriched with the stable isotope C ([U-C] glucose).

Development and Validation of the Length, Segment, and Etiology Anterior Urethral Stricture Disease Staging System Using Longitudinal Urethroplasty Outcomes Data From the Trauma and Urologic Reconstruction Network of Surgeons.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to create and validate an anterior urethral stricture disease (aUSD) staging system based on the previously validated Length (L), Urethral Segment (S), and Etiology (E, LSE) classification system.

Materials And Methods: The Trauma and Urologic Reconstruction Network of Surgeons (TURNS) prospective database was used to create and validate the staging system. A novel Urethroplasty Triad Score was created to aid in ranking the stagings into stricture severity based on (1) functional outcomes, (2) location of urethral meatus (eg, orthotopic, perineal), and (3) number of surgeries required for repair.

Polymerization potential of a bacterial CotA-laccase for β-naphthol: enzyme structure and comprehensive polymer characterization.

Introduction: Laccases are blue-multicopper containing enzymes that are known to play a role in the bioconversion of recalcitrant compounds. Their role in free radical polymerization of aromatic compounds for their valorization remains underexplored. In this study, we used a pBAD plasmid containing a previously characterized CotA laccase gene (abbreviated as -Lacc) from strain ATCC 9945a to express this enzyme and explore its biotransformation/polymerization potential on β-naphthol.

Abdominal Aortic Junctional Tourniquets: Clinically Important Increases in Pressure in Aortic Zone 1 and Zone 3 in a Cadaveric Study Directly Relevant to Combat Medics Treating Non-Compressible Torso Hemorrhage.

Background: "Non-compressible" torso hemorrhage (NCTH) is the leading cause of preventable battlefield death, requiring rapid surgical or radiological intervention, which is essentially precluded close to the point of injury. UK Joint Theatre Trauma Registry (JTTR) analysis 2002-2012 showed 85.5% NCTH mortality.

Reintroduction of resistant frogs facilitates landscape-scale recovery in the presence of a lethal fungal disease.

Vast alteration of the biosphere by humans is causing a sixth mass extinction, driven in part by an increase in infectious diseases. The emergence of the lethal fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) has devastated global amphibian biodiversity. Given the lack of any broadly applicable methods to reverse these impacts, the future of many amphibians appears grim.

A Real-Time Approach for Assessing Rodent Engagement in a Nose-Poking Go/No-Go Behavioral Task Using ArUco Markers.

Behavioral neuroscience requires precise and unbiased methods for animal behavior assessment to elucidate complex brain-behavior interactions. Traditional manual scoring methods are often labor-intensive and can be prone to error, necessitating advances in automated techniques. Recent innovations in computer vision have led to both marker- and markerless-based tracking systems.

Embedding patient engagement in the R&D process of a life sciences company through co-creation with a patient expert R&D board: a case study.

Patient involvement is crucial in healthcare, a factor increasingly recognised by life sciences companies and research institutes. This article presents a case study on Servier, a life sciences company that founded a patient expert board, ahead of launching a new research and development (R&D) institute. The aim was to foster a patient-centric culture within the company.

Strain Effects on the Adsorption of Water on Cerium Dioxide Surfaces and Nanoparticles: A Modeling Outlook.

Nanocrystalline ceria exhibits significant redox activity and oxygen storage capacity. Any factor affecting its morphology can tune such activities. Strain is a promising method for controlling particle morphology, whether as core@shell structures, supported nanoparticles, or nanograins in nanocrystalline ceria.

Updated Smoke Exposure Estimate for Indonesian Peatland Fires Using a Network of Low-Cost PM Sensors and a Regional Air Quality Model.

Indonesia accounts for more than one third of the world's tropical peatlands. Much of the peatland in Indonesia has been deforested and drained, meaning it is more susceptible to fires, especially during drought and El Niño events. Fires are most common in Riau (Sumatra) and Central Kalimantan (Borneo) and lead to poor regional air quality.

Three-dimensional vegetation structure drives patterns of seed dispersal by African hornbills.

Three-dimensional (3D) vegetation structure influences animal movements and, consequently, ecosystem functions. Animals disperse the seeds of 60%-90% of trees in tropical rainforests, which are among the most structurally complex ecosystems on Earth. Here, we investigated how 3D rainforest structure influences the movements of large, frugivorous birds and resulting spatial patterns of seed dispersal.

Biallelic variants in cause variable clinical presentations, including sensorineural hearing loss, leukodystrophy, and ovarian insufficiency.

Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency (COXPD) is a rare multisystem disorder which is clinically and genetically heterogeneous. Genome sequencing identified biallelic variants in individuals from five unrelated families with presentations ranging from Perrault syndrome (primary ovarian insufficiency and sensorineural hearing loss) to severe childhood onset of leukodystrophy, learning disability, microcephaly and retinal dystrophy. Complexome profiling of fibroblasts from affected individuals revealed reduced levels of the small and, a more pronounced reduction of, the large mitochondrial ribosomal subunits.

Biallelic variants in result in reduced assembly of the mitoribosomal small subunit with altered intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis and a Perrault syndrome-spectrum phenotype.

The mitoribosome synthesizes 13 protein subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation system encoded by the mitochondrial genome. The mitoribosome is composed of 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA and 82 mitoribosomal proteins encoded by nuclear genes. To date, variants in 12 genes encoding mitoribosomal proteins are associated with rare monogenic disorders, and frequently show combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency.

A randomized controlled study of auricular point acupressure to manage chemotherapy-induced neuropathy: Study protocol.

Objective: Chemotherapy-induced neuropathy (CIN) significantly impacts cancer patients, leading to functional disability, diminished quality of life, and increased healthcare costs amid the ongoing opioid crisis. Auricular point acupressure (APA), a non-invasive and non-pharmacological alternative, has shown potential for alleviating the pain, numbness, and tingling associated with CIN. This study aims to assess the efficacy of APA for CIN symptoms and physical function and to examine the mechanisms underlying APA's effects on CIN.

Characterizing Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: Results of the U.S. Mental and Substance Use Disorders Prevalence Study.

Objective: Current information on treatment and clinical characteristics of U.S. adults with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (i.

Proportion of Patients With Ductal Carcinoma In Situ That Qualify for Observation Criteria Set Forth by Clinical Trials.

Background: The COMET, LORD, and LORIS clinical trials are investigating the role of active surveillance in low-risk ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). The objective of this study was to identify the proportion of patients eligible for these trials amongst a cohort of patients treated at our institution.

Methods: Retrospective chart review was performed of patients diagnosed with DCIS who were treated from 2013 to 2022.

Do fungi look like macroparasites? Quantifying the patterns and mechanisms of aggregation for host-fungal parasite relationships.

Most hosts contain few parasites, whereas few hosts contain many. This pattern, known as aggregation, is well-documented in macroparasites where parasite intensity distribution among hosts affects host-parasite dynamics. Infection intensity also drives fungal disease dynamics, but we lack a basic understanding of host-fungal aggregation patterns, how they compare to macroparasites, and if they reflect biological processes.