Upper Airway Anomalies in Congenital Tracheoesophageal Fistula and Esophageal Atresia Patients.

Objective: To examine the prevalence of upper airway anomalies in patients diagnosed with congenital tracheoesophageal fistula and esophageal atresia (TEF/EA).

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of all TEF/EA patients seen at a tertiary pediatric hospital between January 2008 and December 2013. Inclusion criteria included evaluation by the otolaryngology service.

A retrospective review of the progression of pediatric vocal fold nodules.

Importance: To our knowledge, the rate of change in the size of pediatric vocal fold nodules (VFNs) has not been investigated. Improved understanding of the factors that affect change in VFN size may help to better guide treatment decisions and counselling of families.

Objective: To characterize the rate of change in the size of pediatric VFNs over time and to identify which factors affect increased rates of improvement.

Validation of a pediatric vocal fold nodule rating scale based on digital video images.

Objectives: We sought to create a validated scale of vocal fold nodules in children, based on digital video clips obtained during diagnostic fiberoptic laryngoscopy.

Methods: We developed a 4-point grading scale of vocal fold nodules in children, based upon short digital video clips. A tutorial for use of the scale, including schematic drawings of nodules, static images, and 10-second video clips, was presented to 36 clinicians with various levels of experience.