Characteristics of older patients undergoing surgery in the UK: SNAP-3, a snapshot observational study.

Background: Frailty and multimorbidity are common in older adults, but the prevalence and interaction of these conditions in surgical patients remain unclear. This study describes the clinical characteristics of a heterogeneous cohort of older UK surgical patients.

Methods: We conducted a prospective observational cohort study during 5 days in March 2022, aiming to recruit all UK patients aged 60 yr and older undergoing surgery, excluding minor procedures (e.

Socioeconomic deprivation and mortality after emergency laparotomy: an observational epidemiological study.

Background: Socioeconomic circumstances can influence access to healthcare, the standard of care provided, and a variety of outcomes. This study aimed to determine the association between crude and risk-adjusted 30-day mortality and socioeconomic group after emergency laparotomy, measure differences in meeting relevant perioperative standards of care, and investigate whether variation in hospital structure or process could explain any difference in mortality between socioeconomic groups.

Methods: This was an observational study of 58 790 patients, with data prospectively collected for the National Emergency Laparotomy Audit in 178 National Health Service hospitals in England between December 1, 2013 and November 31, 2016, linked with national administrative databases.

Digital Breast Tomosynthesis: Cost-Effectiveness of Using Private and Medicare Insurance in Community-Based Health Care Facilities.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) is a cost-effective alternative to full-field digital mammography (FFDM) for both Medicare and privately insured patients undergoing screening mammography.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective data analysis was performed between July 15, 2013, and July 14, 2014, with data on women presenting for screening mammography that included any additional radiologic workup (n = 6319). Patients chose to undergo DBT or FFDM on the basis of personal preference, physician suggestion, and cost difference.

Evaluation of appropriate short-term mammographic surveillance in patients who undergo breast-conserving Surgery (BCS).

Background: Mammography is an important surveillance tool for detecting ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) after BCS. Although IBTR is rare in the first 2 years, various organizations have established protocols for postoperative mammographic surveillance. Currently there is no consensus on the optimal interval for imaging evaluation of patients following BCS.

Anesthetic considerations for rapid-onset obesity, hypoventilation, hypothalamic dysfunction, and autonomic dysfunction (ROHHAD) syndrome in children.

Rapid-onset obesity, hypoventilation, hypothalamic dysfunction, and autonomic dysfunction is an increasingly common diagnosis in patients who are being seen at tertiary care children's hospitals. We present two cases of anesthetics from the authors' own experience in addition to a comprehensive review of the disorder and anesthetic implications.

Gum chewing during pre-anesthetic fasting.

Many ad hoc fasting guidelines for pre-anesthetic patients prohibit gum chewing. We find no evidence that gum chewing during pre-anesthetic fasting increases the volume or acidity of gastric juice in a manner that increases risk, nor that the occasional associated unreported swallowing of gum risks subsequent aspiration. On the contrary, there is evidence that gum chewing promotes gastrointestinal motility and physiologic gastric emptying.

Pulmonary CT angiography to evaluate for pulmonary embolism in children visiting adult-centered community hospitals.

Objective: The objective of our study was to determine the rate of pulmonary embolism (PE) on pulmonary CT angiography (CTA) in children and adolescents visiting adult-centered community hospitals. We also investigated alternative diagnoses that may account for presenting symptoms.

Materials And Methods: We identified consecutive children and adolescents (age ≤ 19 years) who underwent pulmonary CTA during a 12- and 24-month period, respectively, at two community hospitals.

Long-term clinical and radiologic results with autologous fat transplantation for breast augmentation: case reports and review of the literature.

Autologous fat transplantation was initially performed by plastic surgeons for improving facial and body contour depressions and scars. There has been long-standing interest in breast augmentation for cosmetic purposes and for the filling of defects from partial breast resection for breast cancer. In the 1980s, autologous fat transplantation for breast augmentation and symmetry gained popularity.

Nitrous oxide concentrations in the posterior nasopharynx during administration by nasal mask.

Purpose: Nitrous oxide (N2O) administration with nasal mask produces variable outcomes in dental patients. This study describes a novel sampling method to measure actual inspired/expired N2O concentrations ([N2O]).

Methods: Fifteen adult volunteers (32.