Ratiometric Fluorescent pH Sensing with Carbon Dots: Fluorescence Mapping across pH Levels for Potential Underwater Applications.

Ocean acidification has become a major climate change concern requiring continuous observation. Additionally, in the industry, pH surveillance is of great importance. Consequently, there is a pressing demand to develop robust and inexpensive pH sensors.

Recent advances in emerging integrated anticorrosion and antifouling nanomaterial-based coating solutions.

The rapid progress in the marine industry has resulted in notable challenges related to biofouling and surface corrosion on underwater infrastructure. Conventional coating techniques prioritise individual protective properties, such as offering either antifouling or anticorrosion protection. Current progress and innovations in nanomaterials and technologies have presented novel prospects and possibilities in the domain of integrated multifunctional coatings.

Design of a Flexible Weight Sensor Using Optical Fibre Macrobending.

A flexible weight sensor based on optical fibre macrobending loss, using 1550 nm wavelength light and small fibre bending path lengths is presented. An applied load depresses an impactor layer of cylindrical protrusions into a soft mat covered with optical fibre, causing the optical loss of the fibre to increase. An experimental study of two fibre types, two impactor materials, two impactor designs and a range of protrusion bend radii from 3 mm to 10 mm is shown.

Towards Building a Distributed Virtual Flow Meter via Compressed Continual Learning.

A robust-accurate estimation of fluid flow is the main building block of a distributed virtual flow meter. Unfortunately, a big leap in algorithm development would be required for this objective to come to fruition, mainly due to the inability of current machine learning algorithms to make predictions outside the training data distribution. To improve predictions outside the training distribution, we explore the continual learning (CL) paradigm for accurately estimating the characteristics of fluid flow in pipelines.

A Survey on Distributed Fibre Optic Sensor Data Modelling Techniques and Machine Learning Algorithms for Multiphase Fluid Flow Estimation.

Real-time monitoring of multiphase fluid flows with distributed fibre optic sensing has the potential to play a major role in industrial flow measurement applications. One such application is the optimization of hydrocarbon production to maximize short-term income, and prolong the operational lifetime of production wells and the reservoir. While the measurement technology itself is well understood and developed, a key remaining challenge is the establishment of robust data analysis tools that are capable of providing real-time conversion of enormous data quantities into actionable process indicators.

A Review of Methods for Fibre-Optic Distributed Chemical Sensing.

Chemical sensing is of great importance in many application fields, such as medicine, environmental monitoring, and industrial process control. Distributed fibre-optic sensing received significant attention because of its unique feature to make spatially resolved measurements along the entire fibre. Distributed chemical sensing (DCS) is the combination of these two techniques and offers potential solutions to real-world applications that require spatially dense chemical measurements covering large length scales.

Effect of operating parameters on the removal of bone cement by a sawing process.

The number of total knee arthroplasty revision surgeries is increasing each year, driven by the wide availability and general acceptance of the procedure accompanied by an aging population of implants. Metal implants are often secured to the tibial plateau by a mantle of poly(methyl methacrylate) bone cement. During revision surgery, a power oscillating saw is used to remove bone cement while preparing the boney bed.

Effect of applied force and blade speed on histopathology of bone during resection by sagittal saw.

A sagittal saw is commonly used for resection of bone during joint replacement surgery. During sawing, heat is generated that can lead to an increase in temperature at the resected surface. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of applied thrust force and blade speed on generating heat.

Modeling bicortical screws under a cantilever bending load.

Cyclic loading of surgical plating constructs can precipitate bone screw failure. As the frictional contact between the plate and the bone is lost, cantilever bending loads are transferred from the plate to the head of the screw, which over time causes fatigue fracture from cyclic bending. In this research, analytical models using beam mechanics theory were developed to describe the elastic deflection of a bicortical screw under a statically applied load.

Predictive force model for haptic feedback in bone sawing.

Bone sawing simulators with force feedback represent a cost effective means of training orthopedic surgeons in various surgical procedures, such as total knee arthroplasty. To develop a machine with accurate haptic feedback, giving a sensation of both cutting force and rate of material removal, algorithms are required to forecast bone sawing forces based on user input. Presently, studies on forces generated while machining bone are not representative of the high cutting speeds and low depths of cut common to the bone sawing process.

Rounded cutting edge model for the prediction of bone sawing forces.

A new analytical model to predict bone sawing forces is presented. Development of the model was based on the concept of a single tooth sawing at a depth of cut less than the cutting edge radius. A variable friction model was incorporated as well as elastic Hertzian contact stress to determine a lower bound for the integration limits.