Direct View of Gate-Tunable Miniband Dispersion in Graphene Superlattices Near the Magic Twist Angle.

Superlattices from twisted graphene mono- and bilayer systems give rise to on-demand many-body states such as Mott insulators and unconventional superconductors. These phenomena are ascribed to a combination of flat bands and strong Coulomb interactions. However, a comprehensive understanding is lacking because the low-energy band structure strongly changes when an electric field is applied to vary the electron filling.

Comparison of Subdural and Intracortical Recordings of Somatosensory Evoked Responses.

Micro-electrocorticography (µECoG) electrodes have emerged to balance the trade-off between invasiveness and signal quality in brain recordings. However, its large-scale applicability is still hindered by a lack of comparative studies assessing the relationship between ECoG and traditional recording methods such as penetrating electrodes. This study aimed to compare somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) through the lenses of a µECoG and an intracortical microelectrode array (MEA).

Subpectineal obturator nerve block reduces opioid consumption after hip arthroscopy: a triple-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Hip arthroscopy causes severe pain during the first few hours in the postoperative care unit. This is probably due to the intraoperative stretching of the hip joint capsule. Pain relief requires high doses of opioids which may prolong recovery and may cause opioid-related adverse events.

The Anterior Branch of the Medial Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Innervates Cutaneous and Deep Surgical Incisions in Total Knee Arthroplasty.

The intermediate femoral cutaneous nerve (IFCN), the saphenous nerve, and the medial femoral cutaneous nerve (MFCN) innervate the skin of the anteromedial knee region. However, it is unknown whether the MFCN has a deeper innervation. This would be relevant for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) that intersects deeper anteromedial genicular tissue layers.

Ex-vivo systems for neuromodulation: A comparison of ex-vivo and in-vivo large animal nerve electrophysiology.

Background: Little research exists on extending ex-vivo systems to large animal nerves, and to the best of our knowledge, there has yet to be a study comparing these against in-vivo data. This paper details the first ex-vivo system for large animal peripheral nerves to be compared with in-vivo results.

New Method: Detailed ex-vivo and in-vivo closed-loop neuromodulation experiments were conducted on pig ulnar nerves.

A study on the risk stratification for patients within 24 hours of admission for risk of hospital-acquired urinary tract infection using Bayesian network models.

Early identification of patients at risk of hospital-acquired urinary tract infections (HA-UTI) enables the initiation of timely targeted preventive and therapeutic strategies. Machine learning (ML) models have shown great potential for this purpose. However, existing ML models in infection control have demonstrated poor ability to support explainability, which challenges the interpretation of the result in clinical practice, limiting the adaption of the ML models into a daily clinical routine.

Assessment of Dementia in Minority Ethnic Groups in Scotland: Results of a Survey of Cognitive Specialists.

Objective: Minority ethnic groups (MEGs) in Europe receive suboptimal dementia evaluation, yet related research in Scotland is lacking. This research examined the evaluation of dementia in MEGs in Scotland and compared it with previous research to highlight the changes in the clinical evaluation of dementia over the decade.

Design And Setting: A self-administered survey was created online and emailed to 14 Heads of the boards under the Scottish National Health Service and dementia-associated settings and organizations.

Efficacy of iliopsoas plane block for patients undergoing hip arthroscopy: a prospective, triple-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Intraoperative stretching of the hip joint capsule often generates severe pain during the first 3 hours after hip arthroscopy. The short-lived severe pain mandates high opioid consumption, which may result in adverse events and delay recovery. The femoral nerve nociceptors are located anteriorly in the hip joint capsule.

Employment, occupation, and income in adults with neurofibromatosis 1 in Denmark: a population- and register-based cohort study.

Background: Little is known about employment status, occupation, and disposable income in adults with NF1.

Methods: From the Danish National Patient Registry and database of two national Centers for Rare Diseases, we identified 1469 adults with NF1, who were matched to 11,991 randomly selected population comparisons on sex and birth year and month. Annual information on employment, occupation and disposable income was ascertained from national registries in 1980-2019.

Distal subsartorial compartment block of the saphenous nerve - A dissection study and a patient case series.

Study Objective: A saphenous nerve block is an important tool for analgesia after foot and ankle surgery. The conventional midthigh approach to saphenous nerve block in the femoral triangle may impede ambulation by impairing quadriceps motor function.

Primary Objective: Developing a selective saphenous nerve block targeting the nerve distal to its emergence from the adductor canal in the subsartorial compartment.

Morphology and morphometry of the ulnar nerve in the forelimb of pigs.

The knowledge of the morphology and morphometry of peripheral nerves is essential for developing neural interfaces and understanding nerve regeneration in basic and applied research. Currently, the most adopted animal model is the rat, even though recent studies have suggested that the neuroanatomy of large animal models is more comparable to humans. The present knowledge of the morphological structure of large animal models is limited; therefore, the present study aims to describe the morphological characteristics of the Ulnar Nerve (UN) in pigs.

The Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Is Associated with Systemic Neurodegeneration in Long-Term Type 1 Diabetes.

Purpose: To determine whether the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness can be used as an indicator for systemic neurodegeneration in diabetes.

Methods: We used existing data from 38 adults with type 1 diabetes and established polyneuropathy. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness values of four scanned quadrants (superior, inferior, temporal, and nasal) and the central foveal thickness were extracted directly from optical coherence tomography.

Validation of the European Cross-Cultural Neuropsychological Test Battery (CNTB) for the assessment of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.

Background: The Cross-Cultural Neuropsychological Test Battery (CNTB) is a novel test battery specifically designed to reduce the impact of multiculturality in cognitive assessment.

Objective: We aimed to validate the CNTB in Spaniards in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), including patients at mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild dementia stages, and Parkinson's disease with MCI (PD-MCI).

Methods: Thirty patients with AD-MCI, 30 with AD-dementia (AD-D), and 30 with PD-MCI were recruited.

Oral supplementation of nicotinamide riboside alters intestinal microbial composition in rats and mice, but not humans.

The gut microbiota impacts systemic levels of multiple metabolites including NAD precursors through diverse pathways. Nicotinamide riboside (NR) is an NAD precursor capable of regulating mammalian cellular metabolism. Some bacterial families express the NR-specific transporter, PnuC.

NAMPT-dependent NAD biosynthesis controls circadian metabolism in a tissue-specific manner.

Molecular clocks in the periphery coordinate tissue-specific daily biorhythms by integrating input from the hypothalamic master clock and intracellular metabolic signals. One such key metabolic signal is the cellular concentration of NAD, which oscillates along with its biosynthetic enzyme, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT). NAD levels feed back into the clock to influence rhythmicity of biological functions, yet whether this metabolic fine-tuning occurs ubiquitously across cell types and is a core clock feature is unknown.

Total Chemical Synthesis of LC3A and LC3B Activity-Based Probes.

Autophagy is a conserved cellular process involved in the degradation of intercellular materials. During this process, double-membrane vesicles called autophagosomes engulf cytoplasmic components ready for degradation. A key component in the formation of autophagosomes are the autophagy-related (Atg) proteins, including microtubule-associated protein light chain 3A (LC3A) and 3B (LC3B).

The anterior branch of the medial femoral cutaneous nerve innervates the anterior knee: a randomized volunteer trial.

Background: The midline skin incision for total knee arthroplasty may be an important generator of chronic neuropathic pain. The incision is innervated by the medial femoral cutaneous nerve (MFCN), the intermediate femoral cutaneous nerves (IFCN) and the infrapatellar branch from the saphenous nerve. The MFCN divides into an anterior (MFCN-A) and a posterior branch (MFCN-P).

Total Linear Chemical Synthesis of LC3A and LC3B.

Solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) enables the synthesis of chemically modified peptides and proteins. Chemically synthesized ubiquitin(-like) proteins containing a fluorescent tag or reactive warhead have proven to be important tools in elucidating biological processes. Here, we describe the first fully synthetic method for the linear synthesis of two LC3 ubiquitin-like proteins using disaggregating building blocks and heated synthesis.