Extending the understanding of Shannon's safe stimulation limit for platinum electrodes: biphasic charge-balanced pulse trains in unbuffered saline at pH = 1 to pH = 12.

In neural electrical stimulation, safe stimulation guidelines are essential to deliver efficient treatment while avoiding neural damage and electrode degradation. The widely used Shannon's limit,, gives conditions on the stimulation parameters to avoid neural damage, however, underlying damage mechanisms are not fully understood. Moreover, the translation from bench testing toexperiments still presents some challenges, including the increased polarisation observed, which may influence charge-injection mechanisms.

Methods of poly(3,4)-ethylenedioxithiophene (PEDOT) electrodeposition on metal electrodes for neural stimulation and recording.

Conductive polymers are of great interest in the field of neural electrodes because of their potential to improve the interfacial properties of electrodes. In particular, the conductive polymer poly (3,4)-ethylenedioxithiophene (PEDOT) has been widely studied for neural applications.This review compares methods for electrodeposition of PEDOT on metal neural electrodes, and analyses the effects of deposition methods on morphology and electrochemical performance.

Q-PINE: A quick to implant peripheral intraneural electrode.

. The implantation of intraneural electrodes in amputees has been observed to be effective in providing subjects with sensory feedback. However, this implantation is challenging and time consuming.