Risperidone ISM: review and update of its usefulness in all phases of schizophrenia.

One of the most important challenges in the management of patients with schizophrenia is to ensure adherence to antipsychotic treatment. The contribution of long-acting injectables (LAI) is undeniable in this matter, but there are still some unmet medical needs not covered by these drugs (e.g.

Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment During Post-operative Recovery: A Scoping Review.

Surgery is a common and often necessary treatment option for a wide range of medical conditions, with an estimated 40 to 50 million surgeries performed in the US alone each year. While the various types of surgeries performed may be effective in treating or managing different conditions, the post-operative period can be challenging for patients. Osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) is a hands-on approach to medical care that seeks to restore balance and harmony to the body from the lens of an interconnected mind, body, and spirit.

Esketamine Nasal Spray versus Quetiapine for Treatment-Resistant Depression.

Background: In treatment-resistant depression, commonly defined as a lack of response to two or more consecutive treatments during the current depressive episode, the percentage of patients with remission is low and the percentage with relapse is high. The efficacy and safety of esketamine nasal spray as compared with extended-release quetiapine augmentation therapy, both in combination with ongoing treatment with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) or a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), in patients with treatment-resistant depression are unknown.

Methods: In an open-label, single-blind (with raters unaware of group assignments), multicenter, phase 3b, randomized, active-controlled trial, we assigned patients, in a 1:1 ratio, to receive flexible doses (according to the summary of product characteristics) of esketamine nasal spray (esketamine group) or extended-release quetiapine (quetiapine group), both in combination with an SSRI or SNRI.

Excess after stress-A three-study validation of the salzburg stress drinking scale as a new tool to measure the stress-drinking relationship.

Stress frequently influences a person's propensity to drink alcohol. Inter-individual differences in such stress-related drinking can be assessed through psychometric scales; however, available questionnaires conflate stress- with emotion-related reasons to drink and ignore evidence of decreased alcohol consumption in response to stress. Therefore, we developed a genuine stress-drinking scale (Salzburg Stress Drinking Scale; SSDS), adapted from the Salzburg Stress Eating Scale, and assessed its psychometric properties.

Initial Laboratory Values Can Predict Mortality in Burn Patients.

Background: There are several burn scores used to predict mortality in burn patients. However, minimal data exists on the role of laboratory values in risk stratification. We hypothesized that laboratory derangements seen on admission can predict mortality in burn patients.

The American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) Liver Injury Grade Does Not Equally Predict Interventions in Blunt and Penetrating Trauma.

Introduction: The AAST liver injury grade has a validated association with mortality and need for operation. AAST liver injury grade is the same regardless of the mechanism of trauma.

Methods: A 5-year retrospective review of all liver injuries at an urban, level-one trauma center was performed.

Incidence, risk factors and clinical implications of postoperative urinary tract infection in geriatric hip fractures.

Introduction: Postoperative urinary tract infection (UTI) is common in geriatric patients; however, little is known about the impact of UTI in orthopedic trauma. The present study was designed to determine the risk factors and clinical impact of postoperative urinary tract infection (UTI) in acute geriatric hip fractures.

Patients And Methods: Geriatric patients (≥65 years of age) undergoing hip fracture surgery were identified within the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program between 2016 and 2019.

Review and meta-analysis of add-on tranylcypromine with antipsychotic drugs for the treatment of schizophrenia with predominant negative symptoms: a restoration of evidence.

Background: Treatment using add-on antidepressants with antipsychotic drugs in negative symptoms of schizophrenia has been reviewed recently in comprehensive meta-analyses. Tranylcypromine (TCP), an irreversible monoamine oxidase (MAO)-A/B inhibitor applied in treatment resistant depression, was not included because of strict requirements for quality of study design. To get a clear picture of available evidence for this resource in the treatment of schizophrenia, we conducted a review and meta-analysis of add-on TCP in the treatment of predominant negative symptoms of schizophrenia (negative schizophrenia).

Age itself or age-associated comorbidities? A nationwide analysis of outcomes of geriatric trauma.

Purpose: Geriatric trauma patients present physiological challenges to care providers. A nationwide analysis was performed to evaluate the roles of age alone versus age-associated comorbidities in the morbidity and mortality of elderly patients with blunt abdominal trauma (BAT).

Methods: Patients with BAT registered in the National Trauma Data Bank from 2013 to 2015 were analyzed using propensity score matching (PSM) to evaluate the mortality rate, complication rate, hospital length of stay (LOS), intensive care unit (ICU) LOS and ventilator days between young (age < 65) and elderly (age ≥ 65) patients.

Severe burn injury: Body Mass Index and the Baux score.

Objective: The revised Baux score (age total body surface area (TBSA) burned and inhalation injury)) is predictive of mortality in burn patients. Our study objective was to assess whether the addition of body mass index (BMI) to the revised Baux score would be of value. We posited that increasing BMI follows a pattern similar to age and TBSA in the revised Baux score after severe burn injury.

Association between Torso Gunshot Wound Volumes of Trauma Centers and Outcomes of Torso Gunshot Wound Patients. A Propensity-Matched Nationwide Cohort Study.

: The number and type of patients treated by trauma centers can vary widely because of a number of factors. There might be trauma centers with a high volume of torso GSWs that are not designated as high-level trauma centers. We proposed that, for torso gunshot wounds (GSWs), the treating hospital's trauma volume and not its trauma center level designation drives patient prognosis.

The capacity of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder individuals to make autonomous decisions about pharmacological treatments for their illness in real life: A scoping review.

Background And Aim: Having decision making capacity is central to the exercise of autonomy in mental health care. The objective of this scoping review is to summarize the evidence on the capacity of people with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder to make decisions about their treatment in real life to support medical practice.

Methods: Systematic search of observational studies on the assessment of capacity of patients with schizophrenia, psychosis, or bipolar disorder to make healthcare and treatment-related decisions, conducted in any clinical setting published up to January 31, 2020 was performed.

Prevalence and sort of pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions in hospitalized psychiatric patients.

Psychiatric patients are high-risk patients for the development of pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions (DDIs), leading to highly variable (victim) drug serum concentrations. Avoiding and targeting high-risk drug combinations could reduce preventable adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Pharmacokinetic cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated DDIs are often predictable and, therefore, preventable.

Obesity May Require a Higher Level of Trauma Care: A Propensity-Matched Nationwide Cohort Study.

Stable patients with less severe injuries are not necessarily triaged to high-level trauma centers according to current guidelines. Obese patients are prone to comorbidities and complications. We hypothesized that stable obese patients with low-energy trauma have lower mortality and fewer complications if treated at Level-I/II trauma centers.

Patients With Combined Thermal and Intraabdominal Injuries: More Salvageable Than Not.

This study aims to better characterize the course and outcome of the uncommon subset of trauma patients with combined thermal and intraabdominal organ injuries. The National Trauma Data Bank was queried for burn patients with intraabdominal injury treated in all U.S.

The scales of recovery: Balancing posttraumatic stress with resilience in the violently injured.

Background: Community violence remains a clinical concern for urban hospitals nationwide; however, research on resilience and posttraumatic growth (PTG) among survivors of violent injury is lacking. This study intends to assess survivors of violent injury for resilience and PTG to better inform mental health interventions.

Methods: Adults who presented with nonaccidental penetrating trauma to an urban level 1 trauma center and were at least 1 month, but no more than 12 months, from treatment were eligible.

Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI) in Patients with Depression Treated with Antidepressants: A Retrospective Multicenter Study.

Introduction: Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is the 4th most common cause of liver damage in Western countries and can be caused by antidepressants.

Methods: Against the background of increasing antidepressant prescriptions and increasing use of polypharmacy, we analyzed administered antidepressants and other pharmacological substances, liver toxicity, comorbid somatic secondary diseases together with the occurrence of DILI in a patient population of 6 centers throughout Germany.

Results: The majority of the enrolled 329 patients received polypharmacological treatment in an inpatient setting.

Obesity Paradox in the Burn Patient.

Despite the fact that obesity is a known risk factor for comorbidities and complications, there is evidence suggesting a survival advantage for patients classified by body mass index (BMI) as overweight or obese. Investigated in various clinical areas, this "Obesity Paradox" has yet to be explored in the burn patient population. We sought to clarify whether this paradigm exists in burn patients.

Obesity is Associated with Worse Outcomes Among Abdominal Trauma Patients Undergoing Laparotomy: A Propensity-Matched Nationwide Cohort Study.

Introduction: Obesity is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in abdominal trauma patients. The characteristics of abdominal trauma patients with poor outcomes related to obesity require evaluation. We hypothesize that obesity is related to increased mortality and length of stay (LOS) among abdominal trauma patients undergoing laparotomies.

Missing expectations: Windlass tourniquet use without formal training yields poor results.

Background: Despite significant attempts to educate civilians in hemorrhage control, the majority remain untrained. We sought to determine if laypersons can successfully apply one of three commercially available tourniquets; including those endorsed by the United States Military and the American College of Surgeons.

Methods: Preclinical graduate health science students were randomly assigned a commercially available windless tourniquet: SAM XT, Combat Application Tourniquet (CAT), or Special Operation Forces Tactical Tourniquet (SOFT-T).

Right hospital, right patients: Penetrating injury patients treated at high-volume penetrating trauma centers have lower mortality.

Background: The recognition of the relationship between volume and outcomes led to the regionalization of trauma care. The relationship between trauma mechanism-subtype and outcomes has yet to be explored. We hypothesized that trauma centers with a high volume of penetrating trauma patients might be associated with a higher survival rate for penetrating trauma patients.