Novel Multidimensional Liquid Chromatography Workflow with In-Loop Enzymatic Digests of Multiple Heart-Cuts for Fast and Flexible Characterization of Biotherapeutic Protein Variants.

Multidimensional liquid chromatography (mD-LC) is becoming a powerful tool for complete characterization of individual peaks and protein variants through separation methods such as nondenaturing ion exchange (IEC) or size-exclusion chromatography coupled to reversed-phase (RP) chromatography. The flexibility of commercially available and customized mD-LC systems is still limited in terms of enzymatic peak processing between chromatographic dimensions. In this regard, only a few column-immobilized proteases are available for detailed peak characterization by mD-LC coupled to mass spectrometry (mD-LC-MS).

Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part 2: chemistry and biology of the cereal herbicide pinoxaden.

Background: Pinoxaden is a new cereal herbicide that provides outstanding levels of post-emergence activity against a broad spectrum of grass weed species for worldwide selective use in both wheat and barley.

Results: Factors influencing activity and tolerance to pinoxaden were in part linked to distinct structural parts of the active ingredient. Three complementary contributions that decisively impact upon the herbicidal potency against grasses were identified: a preferred 2,6-diethyl-4-methyl aromatic substitution pattern, a dione area suitable for proherbicide formation and beneficial adjuvant effects.