Video evidence of mountings by female-plumaged birds of paradise (Aves: Paradisaeidae) in the wild: Is there evidence of alternative mating tactics?

The bewildering courtship phenotypes of male birds of paradise () represent a classic example of sexual selection through mate choice. While the majority of sexual selection studies have focused on either mate choice or intrasexual competition, males across a variety of taxa adopt alternative mating tactics as additional means of obtaining fertilization when they are otherwise unable to. For example, across various polygynous birds, subordinate males engage in sneak copulations, which may offset the fitness costs of prolonged subordinate periods.

Sequential mountings of a possible immature male by an adult male in Victoria's Riflebird ().

Few studies have offered detailed descriptions of copulatory behaviours in the birds of paradise (family Paradisaeidae) and systematic investigations of their sexual behaviours are rare. We recorded courtship behaviours of Victoria's Riflebird in the Atherton Tablelands in Queensland, Australia using motion triggered cameras and report a rare case of three sequential mountings by an adult-plumaged male. While the recipient of these mountings performed female-typical sexual behaviours, it also briefly performed a male courtship display behaviour, suggesting that it may be an immature male.

Receiver response to high-intensity courtship differs with courter status in spotted bowerbirds .

Understanding sexual communication requires assessing the behaviour of both the sender and the receiver. Receiver responses to sexual displays carry relevant information, but such signals or cues may be subtle and therefore technically challenging to investigate. Here, we focus on receiver body movements in response to high-intensity courtship in spotted bowerbirds ().

When less is more: coy display behaviours and the temporal dynamics of animal courtship.

Sexual selection research has been dominated by the notion that mate choice selects for the most vigorous displays that best reflect the quality of the courter. However, courtship displays are often temporally structured, containing different elements with varying degrees of intensity and conspicuousness. For example, highly intense movements are often coupled with more subtle components such as static postures or hiding displays.

Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover.

Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors.