The Effect of Antisolvent Treatment on the Growth of 2D/3D Tin Perovskite Films for Solar Cells.

Antisolvent treatment is used in the fabrication of perovskite films to control grain growth during spin coating. We study widely incorporated aromatic hydrocarbons and aprotic ethers, discussing the origin of their performance differences in 2D/3D Sn perovskite (PEAFASnI) solar cells. Among the antisolvents that we screen, diisopropyl ether yields the highest power conversion efficiency in solar cells.

Overcoming optical losses in thin metal-based recombination layers for efficient n-i-p perovskite-organic tandem solar cells.

Perovskite-organic tandem solar cells (P-O-TSCs) hold substantial potential to surpass the theoretical efficiency limits of single-junction solar cells. However, their performance is hampered by non-ideal interconnection layers (ICLs). Especially in n-i-p configurations, the incorporation of metal nanoparticles negatively introduces serious parasitic absorption, which alleviates photon utilization in organic rear cell and decisively constrains the maximum photocurrent matching with front cell.

Vascular and inflammatory biomarkers of cardiovascular events in non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug users.

Aims: The Standard care vs. Celecoxib Outcome Trial (SCOT) found similar risk of cardiovascular events with traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and the cyclooxygenase-2-selective drug celecoxib. While pre-clinical work has suggested roles for vascular and renal dysfunction in NSAID cardiovascular toxicity, our understanding of these mechanisms remains incomplete.

The Digital Platform and Its Emerging Role in Decentralized Clinical Trials.

Decentralized clinical trials (DCTs) are becoming increasingly popular. Digital clinical trial platforms are software environments where users complete designated clinical trial tasks, providing investigators and trial participants with efficient tools to support trial activities and streamline trial processes. In particular, digital platforms with a modular architecture lend themselves to DCTs, where individual trial activities can correspond to specific platform modules.

Overcoming Microstructural Defects at the Buried Interface of Formamidinium-Based Perovskite Solar Cells.

Since the advent of formamidinium (FA)-based perovskite photovoltaics (PVs), significant performance enhancements have been achieved. However, a critical challenge persists: the propensity for void formation in the perovskite film at the buried perovskite-interlayer interface has a deleterious effect on device performance. With most emerging perovskite PVs adopting the p-i-n architecture, the specific challenge lies at the perovskite-hole transport layer (HTL) interface, with previous strategies to overcome this limitation being limited to specific perovskite-HTL combinations; thus, the lack of universal approaches represents a bottleneck.

Genotype-Blinded Trial of Ambulatory Blood Pressure Response to Torasemide.

Background: UMOD (uromodulin) has been linked to hypertension through potential activation of Na-K-2Cl cotransporter (NKCC2), a target of loop diuretics. We posited that hypertensive patients carrying the rs13333226-AA genotype would demonstrate greater blood pressure responses to loop diuretics, potentially mediated by this UMOD/NKCC2 interaction.

Methods: This prospective, multicenter, genotype-blinded trial evaluated torasemide (torsemide) efficacy on systolic blood pressure (SBP) reduction over 16 weeks in nondiabetic, hypertensive participants uncontrolled on ≥1 nondiuretic antihypertensive for >3 months.

Effect of timed dosing of usual antihypertensives according to patient chronotype on cardiovascular outcomes: the Chronotype sub-study cohort of the Treatment in Morning versus Evening (TIME) study.

Background: Timing drug administration to endogenous circadian rhythms may enhance treatment efficacy. In the Chronotype sub-study of the Treatment in Morning versus Evening (TIME) clinical trial we examined whether timing of usual antihypertensive medications according to patient chronotype (a behavioural marker of personal circadian rhythm) may influence clinical cardiovascular outcomes.

Methods: This was a cohort sub-study of TIME, a prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded-endpoint, UK clinical trial of morning versus evening dosing of usual antihypertensive medications and cardiovascular outcomes.

Enhancing the Efficiency and Stability of Tin-Lead Perovskite Solar Cells via Sodium Hydroxide Dedoping of PEDOT:PSS.

Tin-lead (Sn-Pb) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have gained interest as candidates for the bottom cell of all-perovskite tandem solar cells due to their broad absorption of the solar spectrum. A notable challenge arises from the prevalent use of the hole transport layer, PEDOT:PSS, known for its inherently high doping level. This high doping level can lead to interfacial recombination, imposing a significant limitation on efficiency.

Allopurinol and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with ischaemic heart disease: the ALL-HEART RCT and economic evaluation.

Background: Allopurinol is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor that lowers serum uric acid and is used to prevent acute gout flares in patients with gout. Observational and small interventional studies have suggested beneficial cardiovascular effects of allopurinol.

Objective: To determine whether allopurinol improves major cardiovascular outcomes in patients with ischaemic heart disease.

A framework for multiexcitonic logic.

Exciton science sits at the intersection of chemical, optical and spin-based implementations of information processing, but using excitons to conduct logical operations remains relatively unexplored. Excitons encoding information could be read optically (photoexcitation-photoemission) or electrically (charge recombination-separation), travel through materials via exciton energy transfer, and interact with one another in stimuli-responsive molecular excitonic devices. Excitonic logic offers the potential to mediate electrical, optical and chemical information.

Diagnosis and management of primary hyperaldosteronism in patients with hypertension: a practical approach endorsed by the British and Irish Hypertension Society.

Alongside the lack of homogeneity among international guidelines and consensus documents on primary hyperaldosteronism, the National UK guidelines on hypertension do not provide extensive recommendations regarding the diagnosis and management of this condition. Local guidelines vary from area to area, and this is reflected in the current clinical practice in the UK. In an attempt to provide support to the clinicians involved in the screening of subjects with hypertension and clinical management of suspected cases of primary hyperaldosteronism the following document has been prepared on the behalf of the BIHS Guidelines and Information Service Standing Committee.

Unraveling Triplet Formation Mechanisms in Acenothiophene Chromophores.

The evolution of molecular platforms for singlet fission (SF) chromophores has fueled the quest for new compounds capable of generating triplets quantitatively at fast time scales. As the exploration of molecular motifs for SF has diversified, a key challenge has emerged in identifying when the criteria for SF have been satisfied. Here, we show how covalently bound molecular dimers uniquely provide a set of characteristic optical markers that can be used to distinguish triplet pair formation from processes that generate an individual triplet.

Impact of beta-blockers on mortality and cardiovascular disease outcomes in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea: a population-based cohort study in target trial emulation framework.

Background: There is no real-world evidence regarding the association between beta-blocker use and mortality or cardiovascular outcomes in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). We aimed to investigate the impact of beta-blocker use on all-cause mortality and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in patients with OSA.

Methods: We conducted a target trial emulation study of 37,581 patients with newly diagnosed OSA from 1st January 2000 to 30th November 2021 using the IMRD-UK database (formerly known as the THIN database).

Production of Magnetic Arsenic-Phosphorus Alloy Nanoribbons with Small Band Gaps and High Hole Conductivities.

Quasi-1D nanoribbons provide a unique route to diversifying the properties of their parent 2D nanomaterial, introducing lateral quantum confinement and an abundance of edge sites. Here, a new family of nanomaterials is opened with the creation of arsenic-phosphorus alloy nanoribbons (AsPNRs). By ionically etching the layered crystal black arsenic-phosphorus using lithium electride followed by dissolution in amidic solvents, solutions of AsPNRs are formed.

Anisotropic Multiexciton Quintet and Triplet Dynamics in Singlet Fission via Pulsed Electron Spin Resonance.

The quintet triplet-pair state may be generated upon singlet fission and is a critical intermediate that dictates the fate of excitons, which can be exploited for photovoltaics, information technologies, and biomedical imaging. In this report, we demonstrate that continuous-wave and pulsed electron spin resonance techniques such as phase-inverted echo-amplitude detected nutation (PEANUT), which have emerged as the primary tool for identifying the spin pathways in singlet fission, probe fundamentally different triplet-pair species. We directly observe that the generation rate of high-spin triplet pairs is dependent on the molecular orientation with respect to the static magnetic field.

Zero Threshold for Water Adsorption on MAPbBr.

Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) have shown great promise in a wide range of optoelectronic applications. However, this performance is inhibited by the sensitivity of HOIPs to various environmental factors, particularly high levels of relative humidity. This study uses X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to determine that there is essentially no threshold to water adsorption on the in situ cleaved MAPbBr (001) single crystal surface.

Recent Advances in Ultralow-Pt-Loading Electrocatalysts for the Efficient Hydrogen Evolution.

Hydrogen production from water electrolysis provides a green and sustainable route. Platinum (Pt)-based materials have been regarded as efficient electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, the large-scale commercialization of Pt-based catalysts suffers from the high cost.

Metabolic syndrome is associated with similar long-term prognosis in those living with and without obesity: an analysis of 45 615 patients from the nationwide LIPIDOGRAM 2004-2015 studies.

Aims: We aimed to evaluate the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and long-term all-cause mortality.

Methods And Results: The LIPIDOGRAM studies were carried out in the primary care in Poland in 2004, 2006, and 2015. MetS was diagnosed based on the National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP/ATP III), and Joint Interim Statement (JIS) criteria.

Cardiovascular Safety in Type 2 Diabetes With Sulfonylureas as Second-line Drugs: A Nationwide Population-Based Comparative Safety Study.

Objective: To assess the real-world cardiovascular (CV) safety for sulfonylureas (SU), in comparison with dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4i) and thiazolidinediones (TZD), through development of robust methodology for causal inference in a whole nation study.

Research Design And Methods: A cohort study was performed including people with type 2 diabetes diagnosed in Scotland before 31 December 2017, who failed to reach HbA1c 48 mmol/mol despite metformin monotherapy and initiated second-line pharmacotherapy (SU/DPP4i/TZD) on or after 1 January 2010. The primary outcome was composite major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including hospitalization for myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, heart failure, and CV death.

Engineering Stable Lead-Free Tin Halide Perovskite Solar Cells: Lessons from Materials Chemistry.

Substituting toxic lead with tin (Sn) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is the most promising route toward the development of high-efficiency lead-free devices. Despite the encouraging efficiencies of Sn-PSCs, they are still yet to surpass 15% and suffer detrimental oxidation of Sn(II) to Sn(IV). Since their first application in 2014, investigations into the properties of Sn-PSCs have contributed to a growing understanding of the mechanisms, both detrimental and complementary to their stability.

Halide Chemistry in Tin Perovskite Optoelectronics: Bottlenecks and Opportunities.

Tin halide perovskites (Sn HaPs) are the top lead-free choice for perovskite optoelectronics, but the oxidation of perovskite Sn to Sn remains a key challenge. However, the role of inconspicuous chemical processes remains underexplored. Specifically, the halide component in Sn HaPs (typically iodide) has been shown to play a key role in dictating device performance and stability due to its high reactivity.