Objectives: To compare treatment patterns, resource utilization, and costs to US third-party payers of stimulant-treated adolescent attentiondeficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients who switched to or augmented with atypical antipsychotics (AAPs; not FDA-indicated for ADHD) with those who switched to or augmented with nonantipsychotic medications.
Study Design: Retrospective cohort study conducted using a US commercial medical/pharmacy claims database.
Methods: Adolescent patients with an ADHD diagnosis and ≥ 1 stimulant medication claim between January 2005 and December 2009 were identified.
Objective: Examine drug persistence by evaluating the hazard of discontinuation and of switching to different antihypertensive drugs in patients initiating treatment with a recently approved β-blocker, nebivolol, versus other β-blockers.
Methods: This retrospective analysis included all patients diagnosed with hypertension in the MarketScan Database (January 2007 - December 2008) with at least two medical claims and no prior β-blocker prescriptions within 6 months of the initial prescription date. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models (adjusted for baseline differences in demographics, previous use of other antihypertensive medications, initial doses and supply of medication, and number of distinct prescriptions at baseline) were used to assess the hazard of discontinuation, defined as the first prescription gap of ≥30 days, and to assess the hazard of switching to another antihypertensive drug, defined as a prescription fill for another antihypertensive drug within 15 days before and 30 days after discontinuation of the initial β-blocker.
Background: VNS (Vagus Nerve Stimulation Therapy) is approved in the USA to treat refractory epilepsy as adjunctive to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in patients ≥12 years with complex partial seizures.
Aims: To evaluate clinical outcomes, quality-adjusted life years (QALY), and costs associated with VNS in pediatric patients with drug-resistant epilepsy in a real-world setting.
Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted using Medicaid data (USA).
We evaluated long-term medical and economic benefits of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) therapy in drug-resistant epilepsy. A pre-post analysis was conducted using multistate Medicaid data (January 1997-June 2009). One thousand six hundred fifty-five patients with one or more neurologist visits with epilepsy diagnoses (ICD-9 345.
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