Nonmarinum, Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections of the Upper Extremity: A Multi-Institutional Descriptive Report.

Purpose: We analyzed patient demographic factors involved in the development of nonmarinum, nontuberculous mycobacterial infections (NTMI) involving the upper extremity, and assessed diagnostic and prognostic values of commonly used preoperative laboratory and imaging studies, as well as factors related to recurrence of disease and patient outcomes.

Methods: Patients from 2 academic, tertiary facilities with culture-proven, nonmarinum NTMI involving the upper extremity were reviewed. Patient-related factors and clinical outcomes were extracted.

Getting paid less for more: shoulder arthroplasty incidence and reimbursement within Medicare from 2000 to 2019.

Background: Shoulder arthroplasty has grown in popularity in the past 2 decades, especially following US Food and Drug Administration approval of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) in 2003. Studies have shown that Medicare reimbursement for a variety of orthopedic procedures has decreased significantly over the past 2 decades. No study has evaluated this trend in the setting of shoulder arthroplasty, however.

Formative Feedback with In-Class Question Bank Utilization Improves Resident Satisfaction with General Surgery Didactics.

Background: Formative feedback provides low-stakes opportunities for educational improvement. To enrich our basic science didactics, formative feedback measures were incorporated into our didactics using mobile devices.

Materials And Methods: Lecture changes included institutional paid access to a commercial question bank, a 5-item in-class pre-didactic quiz curated from the question bank and taken on the resident's mobile device, and group discussion of quiz topics.

Comparison of Two-level Cervical Disc Replacement Versus Two-level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion in the Outpatient Setting.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of two-level cervical disc replacement (CDR) in the outpatient setting.

Summary Of Background Data: Despite growing interest in CDR, limited data exist evaluating the safety of two-level CDR in the outpatient setting.

Robotic Harvest of a Rectus Abdominis Muscle Flap After Abdominoperineal Resection.

Introduction: As multidisciplinary treatment modalities for rectal cancer continue to evolve, neoadjuvant chemoradiation then surgical resection is a common approach. Robotic-assisted abdominoperineal resection is becoming more prevalent in part because of better visualization and instrument mobility within the pelvis. After abdominoperineal resection, postoperative perineal wound complications remain a significant risk.

Networks of HIV-1 Envelope Glycans Maintain Antibody Epitopes in the Face of Glycan Additions and Deletions.

Numerous broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) have been identified that target the glycans of the HIV-1 envelope spike. Neutralization breadth is notable given that glycan processing can be substantially influenced by the presence or absence of neighboring glycans. Here, using a stabilized recombinant envelope trimer, we investigate the degree to which mutations in the glycan network surrounding an epitope impact the fine glycan processing of antibody targets.

Autologous Antibody Responses to an HIV Envelope Glycan Hole Are Not Easily Broadened in Rabbits.

Extensive studies with subtype A BG505-derived HIV envelope glycoprotein (Env) immunogens have revealed that the dominant autologous neutralizing epitope in rabbits is located in an exposed region of the heavily glycosylated trimer that lacks potential N-linked glycosylation sites at positions 230, 241, and 289. The Env derived from B41, a subtype B virus, shares a glycan hole centered on positions 230 and 289. To test whether broader neutralization to the common glycan hole can be achieved, we immunized rabbits with B41 SOSIP (gp120-gp41 disulfide [SOS] with an isoleucine-to-proline mutation [IP] in gp41) alone, as well as B41 and BG505 coimmunization.