Hybrid Evaluation of a Lifestyle Change Program to Prevent the Development of Type 2 Diabetes Among Individuals With Prediabetes: Intended and Observed Changes in Intervening Mechanisms.

Background: Lifestyle interventions can prevent type 2 diabetes (T2D) by successfully inducing behavioral changes (eg, avoiding physical inactivity and sedentariness, increasing physical activity and/or healthy eating) that reduce body weight and normalize metabolic levels (eg, HbA1c). For interventions to be successful, it is important to influence "behavioral mechanisms" such as self-efficacy, which motivate behavioral changes. Theory-based expectations of how self-efficacy, chronic stress, and mood changed over time were investigated through a group-based behavior change intervention (PREMIT).

Human blood plasma biomarkers of diet and weight loss among centrally obese subjects in a New Nordic Diet intervention.

Scope: The New Nordic Diet (NND) has been shown to promote weight loss and lower blood pressure amongst obese people. This study investigates blood plasma metabolite and lipoprotein biomarkers differentiating subjects who followed Average Danish Diet (ADD) or NND. The study also evaluates how the individual response to the diet is reflected in the metabolic differences between NND subjects who lost or maintained their pre-intervention weight.

Weight loss improves β-cell function independently of dietary carbohydrate restriction in people with type 2 diabetes: A 6-week randomized controlled trial.

Background: Carbohydrate restriction may benefit β-cell function and glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes (T2D) but also leads to weight loss which in itself is beneficial.

Methods: In order to determine the additional effect of carbohydrate restriction in addition to a fixed body weight loss, we randomly assigned 72 adults with T2D and obesity (mean ± SD HbA 7.4 ± 0.

Weight-loss induced by carbohydrate restriction does not negatively affect health-related quality of life and cognition in people with type 2 diabetes: A randomised controlled trial.

Background & Aims: We evaluated the effect of weight loss induced by dietary carbohydrate restriction on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and cognition in type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: In this randomised parallel trial, 72 adults with T2D and overweight/obesity (mean ± SD, HbA: 57 ± 8 mmol/mol and BMI: 33 ± 5 kg/m) were randomly assigned to a carbohydrate-reduced high-protein diet (CRHP: C30E%-P30E%-F40E%) or conventional diabetes diet (CD: C50E%-P17E%-F33E%) for 6 weeks, targeting a 6% weight loss. HRQoL was assessed from the short form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire, including physical and mental component summary (PCS and MCS) scores; global cognition, verbal memory, attention and psychomotor speed, and executive function were assessed from a neuropsychological test battery.

Dietary carbohydrate restriction augments weight loss-induced improvements in glycaemic control and liver fat in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial.

Aims/hypothesis: Lifestyle modification and weight loss are cornerstones of type 2 diabetes management. However, carbohydrate restriction may have weight-independent beneficial effects on glycaemic control. This has been difficult to demonstrate because low-carbohydrate diets readily decrease body weight.

Associations of quantity and quality of carbohydrate sources with subjective appetite sensations during 3-year weight-loss maintenance: Results from the PREVIEW intervention study.

Background & Aims: The association of quantity and quality of carbohydrate sources with appetite during long-term weight-loss maintenance (WLM) after intentional weight loss (WL) is unclear. We aimed to investigate longitudinal associations of quantity and quality of carbohydrate sources with changes in subjective appetite sensations during WLM.

Methods: This secondary analysis evaluated longitudinal data from the 3-year WLM phase of the PREVIEW study, a 2 × 2 factorial (diet-physical activity arms), multi-center, randomized trial.

What Is the Profile of Overweight Individuals Who Are Unsuccessful Responders to a Low-Energy Diet? A PREVIEW Sub-study.

This study was performed to evaluate the profile of overweight individuals with pre-diabetes enrolled in PREVIEW who were unable to achieve a body weight loss of ≥8% of the baseline value in response to a 2-month low-energy diet (LED). Their baseline profile reflected potential stress-related vulnerability that predicted a reduced response of body weight to a LED programme. The mean daily energy deficit maintained by unsuccessful weight responders of both sexes was less than the estimated level in successful female (656 vs.

Appraisal of Triglyceride-Related Markers as Early Predictors of Metabolic Outcomes in the PREVIEW Lifestyle Intervention: A Controlled Trial.

Individuals with pre-diabetes are commonly overweight and benefit from dietary and physical activity strategies aimed at decreasing body weight and hyperglycemia. Early insulin resistance can be estimated the triglyceride glucose index {TyG = Ln [TG (mg/dl) × fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (mg/dl)/2]} and the hypertriglyceridemic-high waist phenotype (TyG-waist), based on TyG x waist circumference (WC) measurements. Both indices may be useful for implementing personalized metabolic management.

Corrigendum: A High-Protein, Low Glycemic Index Diet Suppresses Hunger but Not Weight Regain After Weight Loss: Results From a Large, 3-Years Randomized Trial (PREVIEW).

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.

A High-Protein, Low Glycemic Index Diet Suppresses Hunger but Not Weight Regain After Weight Loss: Results From a Large, 3-Years Randomized Trial (PREVIEW).

Previous studies have shown an increase in hunger during weight-loss maintenance (WLM) after diet-induced weight loss. Whether a combination of a higher protein, lower glycemic index (GI) diet and physical activity (PA) can counteract this change remains unclear. To compare the long-term effects of two diets [high protein (HP)-low GI vs.

Body weight and metabolic risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes on a self-selected high-protein low-carbohydrate diet.

Purpose: We previously reported beneficial glucoregulatory effects of a fully provided carbohydrate-reduced, high-protein (CRHP) diet in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a crossover 2 × 6-week trial, in which patients maintained their body weight. Here, we investigated physiological changes during an additional 6-month period on a self-selected and self-prepared CRHP diet.

Methods: Twenty-eight patients with T2DM were instructed to consume a CRHP diet (30% of energy from carbohydrate and 30% from protein) for 24 weeks, after an initial 2 × 6-week trial when all food was prepared and provided to them.

Dose-Dependent Associations of Dietary Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, and Fiber With 3-Year Weight Loss Maintenance and Glycemic Status in a High-Risk Population: A Secondary Analysis of the Diabetes Prevention Study PREVIEW.

Objective: To examine longitudinal and dose-dependent associations of dietary glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), and fiber with body weight and glycemic status during 3-year weight loss maintenance (WLM) in adults at high risk of type 2 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: In this secondary analysis we used pooled data from the PREVention of diabetes through lifestyle Intervention and population studies in Europe and around the World (PREVIEW) randomized controlled trial, which was designed to test the effects of four diet and physical activity interventions. A total of 1,279 participants with overweight or obesity (age 25-70 years and BMI ≥25 kg ⋅ m) and prediabetes at baseline were included.

Sex, Food, and the Gut Microbiota: Disparate Response to Caloric Restriction Diet with Fiber Supplementation in Women and Men.

Scope: Dietary-based strategies are regularly explored in controlled clinical trials to provide cost-effective therapies to tackle obesity and its comorbidities. The article presents a complementary analysis based on a multivariate multi-omics approach of a caloric restriction intervention (CRD) with fiber supplementation to unveil synergic effects on body weight control, lipid metabolism, and gut microbiota.

Methods And Results: The study explores fecal bile acids (BAs) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), plasma BAs, and fecal shotgun metagenomics on 80 overweight participants of a 12-week caloric restriction clinical trial (-500 kcal day ) randomly allocated into fiber (10 g day inulin + 10 g day resistant maltodextrin) or placebo (maltodextrin) supplementation groups.

Sagittal abdominal diameter and waist circumference appear to be equally good as identifiers of cardiometabolic risk.

Background And Aims: Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) are commonly used markers of cardiometabolic risk. However, sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) has been proposed as a possibly more sensitive marker of intra-abdominal obesity. We investigated differences in how SAD, WC, and BMI were correlated with cardiometabolic risk markers.

Effects of carbohydrate restriction on postprandial glucose metabolism, -cell function, gut hormone secretion, and satiety in patients with Type 2 diabetes.

Dietary carbohydrate restriction may improve the phenotype of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. We aimed to investigate 6 wk of carbohydrate restriction on postprandial glucose metabolism, pancreatic α- and β-cell function, gut hormone secretion, and satiety in T2D patients. Methods In a crossover design, 28 T2D patients (mean HbA: 60 mmol/mol) were randomized to 6 wk of carbohydrate-reduced high-protein (CRHP) diet and 6 wk of conventional diabetes (CD) diet (energy-percentage carbohydrate/protein/fat: 30/30/40 vs.

The PREVIEW intervention study: Results from a 3-year randomized 2 x 2 factorial multinational trial investigating the role of protein, glycaemic index and physical activity for prevention of type 2 diabetes.

Aim: To compare the impact of two long-term weight-maintenance diets, a high protein (HP) and low glycaemic index (GI) diet versus a moderate protein (MP) and moderate GI diet, combined with either high intensity (HI) or moderate intensity physical activity (PA), on the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) after rapid weight loss.

Materials And Methods: A 3-year multicentre randomized trial in eight countries using a 2 x 2 diet-by-PA factorial design was conducted. Eight-week weight reduction was followed by a 3-year randomized weight-maintenance phase.

Effects of a highly controlled carbohydrate-reduced high-protein diet on markers of oxidatively generated nucleic acid modifications and inflammation in weight stable participants with type 2 diabetes; a randomized controlled trial.

Carbohydrate-restricted diets are increasingly recognized as options for dietary management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We investigated the effects of a carbohydrate-reduced high-protein (CRHP) and a conventional diabetes (CD) diet on oxidative stress and inflammation in weight stable individuals with T2DM. We hypothesized that the CRHP diet would improve markers of oxidatively generated RNA and DNA modifications as well as inflammatory parameters.

Compositional analysis of the associations between 24-h movement behaviours and cardio-metabolic risk factors in overweight and obese adults with pre-diabetes from the PREVIEW study: cross-sectional baseline analysis.

Background: Physical activity, sedentary time and sleep have been shown to be associated with cardio-metabolic health. However, these associations are typically studied in isolation or without accounting for the effect of all movement behaviours and the constrained nature of data that comprise a finite whole such as a 24 h day. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between the composition of daily movement behaviours (including sleep, sedentary time (ST), light intensity physical activity (LIPA) and moderate-to-vigorous activity (MVPA)) and cardio-metabolic health, in a cross-sectional analysis of adults with pre-diabetes.

Levels of Circulating miR-122 are Associated with Weight Loss and Metabolic Syndrome.

Objective: This study investigated whether the levels of specific serum microRNAs (miRNAs) were altered following diet-induced weight loss and whether the serum miRNAs differed in the presence of the metabolic syndrome.

Methods: The study was a weight loss intervention trial with a prescribed energy deficit of approximately 500 kcal/d. Levels of 22 miRNAs were determined in serum samples from 85 participants with overweight or obesity.

Pretreatment Prevotella-to-Bacteroides ratio and salivary amylase gene copy number as prognostic markers for dietary weight loss.

Background: The inconsistent link observed between salivary amylase gene copy number (AMY1 CN) and weight management is likely modified by diet and microbiome.

Objective: Based on analysis of a previously published study, we investigated the hypothesis that interaction between diet, Prevotella-to-Bacteriodes ratio (P/B ratio), and AMY1 CN influence weight change.

Methods: Sixty-two people with increased waist circumference were randomly assigned to receive an ad libitum New Nordic Diet (NND) high in dietary fiber, whole grain, intrinsic sugars, and starch or an Average Danish (Western) Diet (ADD) for 26 weeks.

Associations between the proportion of fat-free mass loss during weight loss, changes in appetite, and subsequent weight change: results from a randomized 2-stage dietary intervention trial.

Background: Dynamic changes in body composition which occur during weight loss may have an influential role on subsequent energy balance behaviors and weight.

Objectives: The aim of this article is to consider the effect of proportionate changes in body composition during weight loss on subsequent changes in appetite and weight outcomes at 26 wk in individuals engaged in a weight loss maintenance intervention.

Methods: A subgroup of the Diet, Obesity, and Genes (DiOGenes) study (n = 209) was recruited from 3 European countries.

The effect of inulin and resistant maltodextrin on weight loss during energy restriction: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded intervention.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate the additive effects of combining energy restriction with dietary fibres on change in body weight and gut microbiota composition.

Methods: The study was a 12-week randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, parallel intervention trial. A total of 116 overweight or obese participants were assigned randomly either to 10 g inulin plus 10 g resistant maltodextrin or to 20 g of placebo supplementation through 400 mL of milk a day, while on a - 500 kcal/day energy restricted diet.