Free and conjugated estrogens detections in drainage tiles and wells beneath fields receiving swine manure slurry.

Although livestock manure, such as from swine (Sus scrofa domestica), have high capacity to introduce endocrine-disrupting free estrogens into the environment, the frequency of estrogen detections from reconnaissance studies suggest that these compounds are ubiquitous in the environment, perhaps resulting from historic manure inputs (e.g. cattle grazing residues, undocumented historic manure applications) or uncontrolled natural sources.

Thermal remediation alters soil properties - a review.

Contaminated soils pose a risk to human and ecological health, and thermal remediation is an efficient and reliable way to reduce soil contaminant concentration in a range of situations. A primary benefit of thermal treatment is the speed at which remediation can occur, allowing the return of treated soils to a desired land use as quickly as possible. However, this treatment also alters many soil properties that affect the capacity of the soil to function.

Wheat Growth in Soils Treated by Ex Situ Thermal Desorption.

Successful remediation of oil-contaminated agricultural land may include the goal of returning the land to prespill levels of agricultural productivity. This productivity may be measured by crop yield, quality, and safety, all of which are influenced by soil characteristics. This research was conducted to determine if these metrics are affected in hard red spring wheat ( L.

The Effects of Salinity on the Herbivorous Crop Pest Tetranychus urticae (Trombidiformes: Tetranychidae) on Soybean and Corn.

Many environmental factors, including soil characteristics, are critical for plants, herbivorous arthropods, and their interactions. Despite increasing evidence that soil salinity drastically impacts plants, little is known about how salinity affects the herbivorous arthropod pests feeding on those plants. We investigated how soil salinity affects the twospotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) feeding on corn (Zea mays L.

Implications of Using Thermal Desorption to Remediate Contaminated Agricultural Soil: Physical Characteristics and Hydraulic Processes.

Given the recent increase in crude oil production in regions with predominantly agricultural economies, the determination of methods that remediate oil contamination and allow for the land to return to crop production is increasingly relevant. Ex situ thermal desorption (TD) is a technique used to remediate crude oil pollution that allows for reuse of treated soil, but the properties of that treated soil are unknown. The objectives of this research were to characterize TD-treated soil and to describe implications in using TD to remediate agricultural soil.

Ractopamine up take by alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) from soil.

Ractopamine is a beta adrenergic agonist used as a growth promoter in swine, cattle and turkeys. To test whether ractopamine has the potential to accumulate in plants grown in contaminated soil, a greenhouse study was conducted with alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) grown in two soils having different concentrations of organic matter (1.3% and 2.

Potential bioactivity and association of 17β-estradiol with the dissolved and colloidal fractions of manure and soil.

The dissolved (DF) and colloidal fractions (CF) of soil and manure play an important role in the environmental fate and transport of steroidal estrogens. The first objective of this study was to quantify the association of 17β-estradiol (E2) with the DF and CF isolated from (i) liquid swine manure (LSM), (ii) a soil:water mixture (soil), and (iii) a LSM:soil:water mixture (Soil+LSM). The appropriate CF and DF size fractions of the Soil, Soil+LSM, and LSM media were obtained by first filtering through a 0.

Sorption and degradation of 17β-estradiol-17-sulfate in sterilized soil-water systems.

To identify abiotic processes that govern the fate of a sulfate conjugated estrogen, 17β-estradiol-17-sulfate (E2-17S), soil batch experiments were conducted to investigate the dissipation, sorption, and degradation of radiolabeled E2-17S under sterilized conditions. The aqueous dissipation half-lives (DT50) for E2-17S ranged from 2.5 to 9.

Dissipation and transformation of 17β-estradiol-17-sulfate in soil-water systems.

In the environment, estrogen conjugates can be precursors to the endocrine-disrupting free estrogens, 17β-estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1). Compared to other estrogen conjugates, 17β-estradiol-17-sulfate (E2-17S) is detected at relatively high concentrations and frequencies in animal manure and surface runoff from fields receiving manure. To elucidate the lifecycle of manure-borne estrogens and their conjugates in the environment, the fate of radiolabelled E2-17S in agricultural soils was investigated using laboratory batch studies with soils of different organic carbon (OC) content (1.

Effects of field-manure applications on stratified 17β-estradiol concentrations.

The occurrence of the manure-borne estrogen, 17β-estradiol (E2), was investigated in laboratory and field soils. In the laboratory, E2 was applied to soil to simulate concentrations found in swine (Sus scrofa domestica) manure (5000ngL(-1)). The aqueous-extracted E2 dissipated in the soil by 98% within 1h and was not significantly different from background concentrations (18ng L(-1)) for the duration of the experiment (64h).

An on-farm survey of spatial and temporal stratifications of 17β-estradiol concentrations.

17β-estradiol (E2) is a natural estrogenic hormone found in animal manure and urine, which may cause endocrine disruption in sensitive organisms. 17β-Estradiol has been widely detected in the environment, and animal agriculture may be an important source. The objectives of this study were to investigate the potential sources and/or spatial and temporal characteristics contributing to detections of E2 at the farm-scale.

Development of an ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry multi-residue sulfonamide method and its application to water, manure slurry, and soils from swine rearing facilities.

An analytical method was developed using ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-TQ-MS/MS) to simultaneously analyze 14 sulfonamides (SA) in 6 min. Despite the rapidity of the assay the system was properly re-equilibrated in this time. No carryover was observed even after high analyte concentrations.