Pediatric Robotic Adrenalectomy for Virilizing Adrenal Tumor in a 4-year-old Female.

Adrenocortical tumors in children are rare, with approximately 90% of children presenting with endocrine syndromes, most commonly virilization. The standard treatment remains an open resection, although there is increasing use of the minimally invasive approach. With the advent of robotic surgery, its advantages over open and conventional laparoscopy make it a viable option in select patients.

Using citizen science to describe the prevalence and distribution of tick bite and exposure to tick-borne diseases in the United States.

Tick-borne pathogens are increasing their range and incidence in North America as a consequence of numerous factors including improvements in diagnostics and diagnosis, range expansion of primary vectors, changes in human behavior, and an increasing understanding of the diversity of species of pathogens that cause human disease. Public health agencies have access to human incidence data on notifiable diseases e.g.

Bladder Agenesis and Associated Pelvic Arterial Anomaly in 2 Female Pediatric Patients.

Bladder agenesis is an extremely rare congenital anomaly of the genitourinary tract. Two female patients with known diagnoses of bladder agenesis presented for prerenal transplant evaluation and neobladder creation. Similar unique pelvic arterial malformations were identified through preoperative imaging and intraoperative examination.