Molecular Mechanisms of , LGG Probiotic Function.

To advance probiotic research, a comprehensive understanding of bacterial interactions with human physiology at the molecular and cellular levels is fundamental. LGG is a bacterial strain that has long been recognized for its beneficial effects on human health. Probiotic effector molecules derived from LGG, including secreted proteins, surface-anchored proteins, polysaccharides, and lipoteichoic acids, which interact with host physiological processes have been identified.

Characterization of the Vaginal DNA Virome in Health and Dysbiosis.

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is characterized by a reduction in spp. abundance and increased abundance of facultative anaerobes, such as spp. BV aetiology is not fully understood; however, bacteriophages could play a pivotal role in the perturbation of the vaginal bacterial community.

Effect of potato fiber on survival of Lactobacillus species at simulated gastric conditions and composition of the gut microbiota in vitro.

Potato fiber is a side product in starch manufacturing rich in dietary fibers such as pectin, cellulose, hemicellulose and resistant starch. So far, the beneficial properties of potato fiber have been poorly characterized. This study investigated the effect of FiberBind 400, a commercial potato fiber product, on survival of probiotic Lactobacillus strains at simulated gastric conditions and on the composition and metabolic activity of the gut microbiota, using the TIM-2 colon model.

Dietary xylo-oligosaccharide stimulates intestinal bifidobacteria and lactobacilli but has limited effect on intestinal integrity in rats.

Background: Consumption of prebiotics may modulate gut microbiota, subsequently affecting the bacterial composition, metabolite profile, and human health. Previous studies indicate that also changes in intestinal integrity may occur. In order to explore this further we have investigated the effect of the putative prebiotic xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) on the gut microbiota and intestinal integrity in male Wistar rats.

Lactobacillus paracasei subsp paracasei L. casei W8 suppresses energy intake acutely.

Background: Probiotic bacteria have been shown to have various effects on the microbiota; this may also affect appetite and may help promote weight loss and maintenance.

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus paracasei subsp paracasei L. casei W8 (L.

Impact of probiotics on colonic microflora in patients with colitis: a prospective double blind randomised crossover study.

Background & Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the spectrum of colonic microflora in patients with colitis and if this could be altered with one month's treatment with synbiotics.

Methods: This was a pilot study in which patients were randomised to either receive a synbiotics preparation for a month and then "crossed over" to receive a placebo, or alternatively to receive the placebo first followed in the second month by synbiotic. Stool samples were collected on entry into the study and then at the end of first and second months respectively.

Better living through microbial action: the benefits of the mammalian gastrointestinal microbiota on the host.

Mammals live in a homeostatic symbiosis with their gastrointestinal microbiota. The mammalian host provides the microbiota with nutrients and a stable environment; whereas the microbiota helps shaping the host's gut mucosa and provides nutritional contributions. Microorganisms start colonizing the gut immediately after birth followed by a succession of populations until a stable, adult microbiota has been established.

Early administration of probiotics alters bacterial colonization and limits diet-induced gut dysfunction and severity of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm pigs.

Following preterm birth, bacterial colonization and enteral formula feeding predispose neonates to gut dysfunction and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a serious gastrointestinal inflammatory disease. We hypothesized that administration of probiotics would beneficially influence early bacterial colonization, thereby reducing the susceptibility to formula-induced gut atrophy, dysfunction, and NEC. Caesarean-delivered preterm pigs were provided total parenteral nutrition (1.

The microbiota of pigs influenced by diet texture and severity of Lawsonia intracellularis infection.

Pigs with and without naturally occurring Lawsonia intracellularis infection were fed diets with different texture. In a previous study from 79 pig herds using a similar feeding on pelleted or non-pelleted form showed that the non-pelleted diet was associated with a reduced prevalence of L. intracellularis.

Antimicrobial treatment reduces intestinal microflora and improves protein digestive capacity without changes in villous structure in weanling pigs.

The immediate post-weaning period is often associated with gut malfunction and diarrhoea for young pigs. Administration of antimicrobials remains an effective way to control weaning diarrhoea but it remains unclear how they affect gut physiology and microbiology although this is a prerequisite for being able to devise better alternatives. Hence, for 7 d we treated pigs, weaned at 24 d of age, with a combination of amoxicillin (25 mg/kg feed and injection of 8.

Estimating amplification efficiency improves multiplex real-time PCR quantification of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis spores in animal feed.

A multiplex real-time PCR assay was developed for absolute quantification in animal feed of Bacillus subtilis CH201 and Bacillus licheniformis CH200 spores, which constitute the viable component of the microbial growth promoter, BioPlus 2B. Spores were lysed using a bead-beating protocol. DNA was extracted and purified from the lysates with the Qiagen DNeasy Plant Kit.

Development of an improved species specific PCR test for detection of Haemophilus parasuis.

A PCR test for identification of Haemophilus parasuis was optimized using the 16S rDNA sequences of the 15 serotype reference strains of H. parasuis. The test was evaluated on a collection of 218 Danish field isolates as well as on 81 representatives of 27 other species, including genetically affiliated species within Pasteurellaceae.

Freezing at -800 degrees C distorts the DNA composition of bacterial communities in intestinal samples.

Terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) was used to evaluate how to store intestinal specimens for bacterial community analysis. Bacterial communities are increasingly often described by means of DNA-based methods and it is common practice to store intestinal or faecal specimens either at -20 degrees C or -80 degrees C. In this study, samples of intestines from five different pigs were stored at -80 degrees C and -20 degrees C, respectively and a thawing and freezing procedure was carried out three times for each intestinal per pig per temperature.

Influence of cereal non-starch polysaccharides on ileo-caecal and rectal microbial populations in growing pigs.

The effect of cereal non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) on the gut microbial populations was studied in 5 growing pigs between 39-116 kg body weight according to a Latin square design. The diets were composed to contain different NSP levels. The control diet had a normal NSP content (139 g/kg dry matter (DM)), 2 diets had a low total amount of NSP (95 and 107 g/kg DM) and 2 diets had a high amount of total NSP (191 and 199 g/kg DM).

Effects of copper amendment on the bacterial community in agricultural soil analyzed by the T-RFLP technique.

Abstract The impact of copper amendment on the bacterial community in agricultural soil was investigated by a 2-year field experiment complemented by short-term microcosm studies. In the field, the amendments led to total copper contents that were close to the safety limits laid down by European authorities. In parallel, bioavailable copper was determined with a copper-specific bioluminescent Pseudomonas reporter strain.

Culture-independent analysis of gut bacteria: the pig gastrointestinal tract microbiota revisited.

The phylogenetic diversity of the intestinal bacterial community in pigs was studied by comparative 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence analysis. Samples were collected from a total of 24 pigs representing a variety of diets, ages, and herd health status. A library comprising 4,270 cloned 16S rDNA sequences obtained directly by PCR from 52 samples of either the ileum, the cecum, or the colon was constructed.