Microphysiological System-Generated Physiological Shear Forces Reduce TNF-α-Mediated Cartilage Damage in a 3D Model of Arthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of disability, often resulting from overuse or injury, but inactivity can also contribute to cartilage degeneration. Conventional in vivo models struggle to isolate and study the specific effects of mechanical stress on cartilage health. To address this limitation, a microphysiological system (MPS) is established to examine how varying levels of shear stress impact cartilage homeostasis.

The association between childhood maltreatment and pain sensitivity in a high-risk adolescent population.

The risk of developing chronic pain is twice as high among people with a history of childhood maltreatment compared to those without these experiences. It is unclear, however, whether childhood maltreatment might lead to lower or higher perception of pain. In this paper, we investigate the association between childhood maltreatment and pain sensitivity.

Corrigendum: An orally available small molecule that targets soluble TNF to deliver anti-TNF biologic-like efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.

Pain during the first year after scoliosis surgery in adolescents, an exploratory, prospective cohort study.

Objective: Approximately 50% of adolescents who have undergone scoliosis surgery still experience severe pain one year postoperatively. We explored the postoperative pain trajectory and the potential value of preoperative Thermal Quantitative Sensory Testing (T-QST) as predictor of chronic postsurgical pain after scoliosis surgery.

Design: Single-center prospective cohort study in adolescents undergoing scoliosis surgery.

The recombinant Link module of human TSG-6 suppresses cartilage damage in models of osteoarthritis: A potential disease-modifying OA drug.

Objective: To investigate the role of endogenous TSG-6 in human osteoarthritis (OA) and assess the disease-modifying potential of a TSG-6-based biological treatment in cell, explant and animal models of OA.

Design: Knee articular cartilages from OA patients were analyzed for TSG-6 protein and mRNA expression using immunohistochemistry and RNAscope, respectively. The inhibitory activities of TSG-6 and its isolated Link module (Link_TSG6) on cytokine-induced degradation of OA cartilage explants were compared.

Psoriatic and rheumatoid arthritis joints differ in the composition of CD8+ tissue-resident memory T cell subsets.

CD69+CD103+ tissue-resident memory T (T) cells are important drivers of inflammation. To decipher their role in inflammatory arthritis, we apply single-cell, high-dimensional profiling to T cells from the joints of patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) or rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We identify three groups of synovial CD8+CD69+CD103+ T cells: cytotoxic and regulatory T (Treg)-like T cells are present in both PsA and RA, while CD161+CCR6+ type 17-like T cells with a pro-inflammatory cytokine profile (IL-17A+TNFα+IFNγ+) are specifically enriched in PsA.

Neutrophilic granulocyte-derived B-cell activating factor supports B cells in skin lesions in hidradenitis suppurativa.

Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by painful inflamed nodules, abscesses, and pus-draining tunnels appearing in axillary, inguinal, and perianal skin areas. HS lesions contain various types of immigrated immune cells.

Objective: This study aimed to characterize mediators that support lesional B/plasma cell persistence in HS.

An orally available small molecule that targets soluble TNF to deliver anti-TNF biologic-like efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis.

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a pleiotropic cytokine belonging to a family of trimeric proteins with both proinflammatory and immunoregulatory functions. TNF is a key mediator in autoimmune diseases and during the last couple of decades several biologic drugs have delivered new therapeutic options for patients suffering from chronic autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Attempts to design small molecule therapies directed to this cytokine have not led to approved products yet.

Head-to-head study of oxelumab and adalimumab in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis based on NOD/Scid IL2Rγnull mice reconstituted with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

This study's aim was to demonstrate that the combination of patient immune profiling and testing in a humanized mouse model of ulcerative colitis (UC) might lead to patient stratification for treatment with oxelumab. First, immunological profiles of UC patients and non-UC donors were analyzed for CD4+ T cells expressing OX40 (CD134; also known as TNFRSF4) and CD14+ monocytes expressing OX40L (CD252; also known as TNFSF4) by flow cytometric analysis. A significant difference was observed between the groups for CD14+ OX40L+ (UC: n=11, 85.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Neuropathic and Mixed Pain in Children and Adolescents: Results of a Survey Study amongst Practitioners.

Validated diagnostic tools to diagnose chronic neuropathic and mixed pain in children are missing. Therapeutic options are often derived from therapeutics for adults. To investigate the international practice amongst practitioners for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic, neuropathic pain in children and adolescents, we performed a survey study among members of learned societies or groups whose members are known to treat pediatric pain.

Complex human adenoid tissue-based ex vivo culture systems reveal anti-inflammatory drug effects on germinal center T and B cells.

Background: Human immunology research is often limited to peripheral blood. However, there are important differences between blood immune cells and their counterparts residing in secondary lymphoid organs, such as in the case of germinal center (GC) T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and GC B cells.

Methods: We developed a versatile ex vivo lymphoid organ culture platform that is based on human pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) and allows for drug testing.

The heart rate variability-derived Newborn Infant Parasympathetic Evaluation (NIPE™) Index in pediatric surgical patients from 0 to 2 years under sevoflurane anesthesia-A prospective observational pilot study.

Background: The heart rate variability-derived Newborn Infant Parasympathetic Evaluation (NIPE™) Index is a continuous noninvasive tool to assess pain and discomfort in infants <2 years. Initial studies focused on pain monitoring in the neonatal intensive care unit environment.

Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of the NIPE in infants under sevoflurane anesthesia.

Non-inferiority double-blind randomised controlled trial comparing gabapentin versus tramadol for the treatment of chronic neuropathic or mixed pain in children and adolescents: the GABA-1 trial-a study protocol.

Introduction: Gabapentin is currently used 'off-label' in children and adolescents with chronic neuropathic pain, and reliable evidence of its effects and optimal dosing are lacking.

Objectives: The GABA-1 trial aims to compare the efficacy and safety of gabapentin liquid formulation relative to tramadol and to explore the pharmacokinetics of both drugs in the treatment of chronic, neuropathic or mixed pain in the paediatric population.

Methods And Analysis: The trial is a multicentre, double-blind, double-dummy, randomised, active-controlled, non-inferiority trial.

Gabapentin as add-on to morphine for severe neuropathic or mixed pain in children from age 3 months to 18 years - evaluation of the safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of a new gabapentin liquid formulation: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Gabapentin has shown efficacy in the treatment of chronic neuropathic or mixed pain in adults. Although pediatric pain specialists have extensive experience with gabapentin for the treatment of neuropathic pain, its use is off-label. Its efficacy and safety in this context have never been shown.

High throughput screening of mitochondrial bioenergetics in human differentiated myotubes identifies novel enhancers of muscle performance in aged mice.

Mitochondrial dysfunction is increasingly recognized as a contributor to age-related muscle loss and functional impairment. Therefore, we developed a high throughput screening strategy that enabled the identification of compounds boosting mitochondrial energy production in a human skeletal muscle cell model. Screening of 7949 pure natural products revealed 22 molecules that significantly increased oxygen consumption and ATP levels in myotubes.

The HydroColor App: Above Water Measurements of Remote Sensing Reflectance and Turbidity Using a Smartphone Camera.

HydroColor is a mobile application that utilizes a smartphone's camera and auxiliary sensors to measure the remote sensing reflectance of natural water bodies. HydroColor uses the smartphone's digital camera as a three-band radiometer. Users are directed by the application to collect a series of three images.

The use of dipyrone (metamizol) as an analgesic in children: What is the evidence? A review.

Dipyrone has analgesic, spasmolytic, and antipyretic effects and is used to treat pain. Due to a possible risk of agranulocytosis with the use of dipyrone, it has been banned in a number of countries. The most commonly used data for the use of dipyrone are related to adults.

Elevated levels of protein AMBP in cerebrospinal fluid of women with preeclampsia compared to normotensive pregnant women.

Purpose: To investigate the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteome of patients with preeclampsia (PE) and normotensive pregnant women, in order to provide a better understanding of brain involvement in PE.

Experimental Design: Ninety-eight CSF samples (43 women with PE and 55 normotensive controls) were analyzed by LC-MS/MS proteome profiling. CSF was obtained during the spinal puncture before caesarean delivery.

In situ measurements of phytoplankton fluorescence using low cost electronics.

Chlorophyll a fluorometry has long been used as a method to study phytoplankton in the ocean. In situ fluorometry is used frequently in oceanography to provide depth-resolved estimates of phytoplankton biomass. However, the high price of commercially manufactured in situ fluorometers has made them unavailable to some individuals and institutions.