Salivary miRNA Expression in Children With Persistent Post-concussive Symptoms.

Background: Up to one-third of concussed children develop persistent post-concussive symptoms (PPCS). The identification of biomarkers such as salivary miRNAs that detect concussed children at increased risk of PPCS has received growing attention in recent years. However, whether and how salivary miRNA expression levels differ over time between concussed children with and without PPCS is unknown.

Injuries and Illnesses Occurring on a Recreational Bicycle Tour: The Great Ohio Bicycle Adventure.

Objective: Recreational multiday cycling events have grown popular in the United States; however, little has been published regarding the injuries and illnesses that occur during these events. The objective of this study was to describe injuries and illnesses that occur in the Great Ohio Bicycle Adventure (GOBA) and to examine associated risk factors.

Methods: Injury and illness data collected from an on-site medical clinic during the 2013 and 2014 GOBA tours were merged with rider registration data for analysis.

Length of Recovery From Sports-Related Concussions in Pediatric Patients Treated at Concussion Clinics.

Objectives: We quantified the length of recovery time by week in a cohort of pediatric sports-related concussion patients treated at concussion clinics, and examined patient and injury characteristics associated with prolonged recovery.

Design: A retrospective, cohort design.

Setting: Seven concussion clinics at a Midwest children's hospital.

Orthostatic Intolerance and Autonomic Dysfunction in Youth With Persistent Postconcussion Symptoms: A Head-Upright Tilt Table Study.

Objective: To explore head-upright tilt table (HUT) signs of autonomic dysfunction in a cohort of youth with persistent postconcussion symptoms (PCSs) that include light-headedness and to correlate repeat tilt table results with symptom improvements for those patients found to have postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) on initial testing.

Design: Prospective cohort design.

Setting: Nationwide Children's Hospital, Neurology Clinic.

Direct medical charges of pediatric traumatic brain injury in multiple clinical settings.

Background: Data limited to emergency department and inpatient visits undoubtedly underestimate the medical charges associated with traumatic brain injury. The objective of this study was to estimate the direct medical charges of pediatric traumatic brain injuries across all clinical settings in one large, pediatric hospital in the United States.

Methods: Traumatic brain injuries sustained by children ≤20 years of age treated across all clinical settings at one large pediatric hospital from August 1, 2010-July 31, 2011 were identified using ICD-9-CM codes 310.

Dislocation/separation injuries among US high school athletes in 9 selected sports: 2005-2009.

Objective: To investigate the epidemiology of dislocations/separations in a nationally representative sample of high school student-athletes participating in 9 sports.

Design: Descriptive epidemiologic study.

Setting: Sports injury data for the 2005-2009 academic years were collected using an Internet-based injury surveillance system, Reporting Information Online (RIO).

Overuse injuries in adolescents.

The incidence of overuse injuries in young athletes is on the rise and accounts for a significant number of visits to the primary care office. There are distinctive intrinsic and extrinsic factors that place young athletes at risk for overuse injuries. These injuries vary in severity from being a temporary inconvenience to having potential lifelong morbidity.

Erythropoietin and other blood-boosting methods.

Dating back to the earliest Olympics, athletes have been searching for a performance edge. Recombinant human erythropoietin was made commercially available in 1987 to treat various diseases associated with anemia. Within a few years, elite endurance athletes capitalized on its potential as an undetectable performance-enhancing agent.

Ankle and foot injuries in pediatric and adult athletes.

Foot and ankle injuries are among the most common in athletes.Differential diagnosis, imaging decisions, and treatment plan should be influenced by the age of the athlete. A thorough history and physical examination, with an understanding of the anatomy of the foot and ankle anatomy and the mechanism of injury, will give the best opportunity to make the correct diagnosis.

Primary immunodeficiencies.

Primary immunodeficiencies include a variety of disorders that render patients more susceptible to infections. If left untreated, these infections may be fatal. The disorders constitute a spectrum of more than 80 innate defects in the body's immune system.

Septic Arthritis of the Shoulder.

In brief A wrestler developed septic arthritis in his glenohumeral joint. His case is unusual because septic arthritis most commonly affects weight-bearing joints and is usually seen in the very young, the very old, and people who are immunocompromised. Other risk factors include concurrent infection, endocarditis, invasive procedures, and intra-articular corticosteroid injection.