Four weeks treatment with the GLP-1 receptor analogue liraglutide lowers liver fat and concomitantly circulating glucagon in individuals with overweight.

We investigated the effect of pharmacologically induced weight loss on markers of glucagon resistance in individuals with overweight during treatment with the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide. We performed an open-label study in 14 men with overweight (age 38 ± 11 years, BMI 32 ± 4 kg/m) without simultaneously diabetes. Subjects were treated with liraglutide, initiated and titrated with 0.

First-in-Humans PET Imaging of Tissue Factor in Patients with Primary and Metastatic Cancers Using F-labeled Active-Site Inhibited Factor VII (F-ASIS): Potential as Companion Diagnostic.

Tissue factor (TF) expression in cancers correlates with poor prognosis. Recently, the first TF-targeted therapy was approved by the U.S.

First-in-Human Study of [Ga]Ga-NODAGA-E[c(RGDyK)] PET for Integrin αβ Imaging in Patients with Breast Cancer and Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Safety, Dosimetry and Tumor Imaging Ability.

Arginine-Glycine-Aspartate (RGD)-recognizing cell surface integrins are involved in tumor growth, invasiveness/metastases, and angiogenesis, and are therefore an attractive treatment target in cancers. The subtype integrin αβ is upregulated on endothelial cells during angiogenesis and on tumor cells. In vivo assessment of integrin αβ is possible with positron emission tomography (PET).

No effects of a 6-week intervention with a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist on pancreatic volume and oedema in obese men without diabetes.

Aim: To investigate the effect of a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA), liraglutide, on pancreatic volume, oedema, cellularity and DNA synthesis in humans.

Materials And Methods: We performed an open-label study in 14 obese men (age 38 ± 11 years, body mass index 32 ± 4 kg/m ) without diabetes. Subjects were examined at baseline, during titration (week 4) of liraglutide towards 3.

F-FDG PET/MR-imaging in a Göttingen Minipig model of atherosclerosis: Correlations with histology and quantitative gene expression.

Background And Aims: The advantage of combining molecular and morphological imaging, e.g. positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI), is reflected in the increased use of these modalities as surrogate end-points in clinical trials.

Very Early Response Evaluation by PET/MR in Patients with Lung Cancer-Timing and Feasibility.

With the increasing number of therapy options available for patients with lung cancer, early response evaluation is needed. We performed this pilot study to assess the feasibility of early, repeated Positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance (PET/MR), the impact of timing and the capability for response prediction in lung tumors during chemotherapy. Patients with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer referred for chemotherapy were prospectively recruited.

Combined hyperpolarized C-pyruvate MRS and F-FDG PET (hyperPET) estimates of glycolysis in canine cancer patients.

Unlabelled: C Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) using hyperpolarized C-labeled pyruvate as a substrate offers a measure of pyruvate-lactate interconversion and is thereby a marker of the elevated aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect) generally exhibited by cancer cells. Here, we aim to compare hyperpolarized [1-C]pyruvate MRS with simultaneous F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) PET in a cross-sectional study of canine cancer patients.

Methods: Canine cancer patients underwent integrated PET/MRI using a clinical whole-body system.

Radioactive Seed Localization or Wire-guided Localization of Nonpalpable Invasive and In Situ Breast Cancer: A Randomized, Multicenter, Open-label Trial.

Objective: To compare the rate of positive resection margins between radioactive seed localization (RSL) and wire-guided localization (WGL) after breast conserving surgery (BCS).

Background: WGL is the current standard for localization of nonpalpable breast lesions in BCS, but there are several difficulties related to the method.

Methods: From January 1, 2014 to February 4, 2016, patients with nonpalpable invasive breast cancer or DCIS visible on ultrasound were enrolled in this randomized, multicenter, open-label clinical trial, and randomly assigned to RSL or WGL.

Radioactive seed localization of renal cell carcinoma in a patient with Von Hippel-Lindau disease.

This report describes the case of a patient, who had successful radioactive seed localization (RSL) performed to improve the identification and excision of a renal cell carcinoma. RSL is a new method of preoperative localization, which can ease the surgical procedure, minimize tissue trauma, and ultimately benefit the patient.

Safety, Dosimetry, and Tumor Detection Ability of Ga-NOTA-AE105: First-in-Human Study of a Novel Radioligand for uPAR PET Imaging.

The overexpression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptors (uPARs) represents an established biomarker for aggressiveness in most common malignant diseases, including breast cancer (BC), prostate cancer (PC), and urinary bladder cancer (UBC), and is therefore an important target for new cancer therapeutic and diagnostic strategies. In this study, uPAR PET imaging using a Ga-labeled version of the uPAR-targeting peptide (AE105) was investigated in a group of patients with BC, PC, and UBC. The aim of this first-in-human, phase I clinical trial was to investigate the safety and biodistribution in normal tissues and uptake in tumor lesions.

Radioguided Surgery for Localization of Nonpalpable Breast Lesions A Mini-Review.

The majority of patients with nonpalpable breast lesions are eligible for breast conserving surgery guided by some kind of lesion localization. The current standard is wire-guided localization (WGL) even though it has several disadvantages, the most important one being the considerable proportion of patients with insufficient resection margin. These patients require a reoperation.

Cross-calibration of the Siemens mMR: easily acquired accurate PET phantom measurements, long-term stability and reproducibility.

Background: We present a quick and easy method to perform quantitatively accurate PET scans of typical water-filled PET plastic shell phantoms on the Siemens Biograph mMR PET/MR system. We perform regular cross-calibrations (Xcal) of our PET systems, including the PET/MR, using a Siemens mCT water phantom.

Long-term Stability: The mMR calibration stability was evaluated over a 3-year period where 54 cross-calibrations were acquired, showing that the mMR on average underestimated the concentration by 16 %, consistently due to the use of MR-based μ-maps.

Simultaneous PET/MRI with (13)C magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (hyperPET): phantom-based evaluation of PET quantification.

Background: Integrated PET/MRI with hyperpolarized (13)C magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging ((13)C-MRSI) offers simultaneous, dual-modality metabolic imaging. A prerequisite for the use of simultaneous imaging is the absence of interference between the two modalities. This has been documented for a clinical whole-body system using simultaneous (1)H-MRI and PET but never for (13)C-MRSI and PET.

Early lesion-specific (18)F-FDG PET response to chemotherapy predicts time to lesion progression in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Background And Purpose: We hypothesize that the lesion-to-lesion variability in FDG-PET response after one cycle of chemotherapy for NSCLC in an individual patient may inform radiation dose redistribution. To test this hypothesis, we investigate if time to lesion-progression in patients with multiple lesions is dependent on lesion-specific response to chemotherapy.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed 81 patients with 184 lesions referred to curative chemo-radiotherapy for NSCLC 2010-2012.

First-in-human uPAR PET: Imaging of Cancer Aggressiveness.

A first-in-human clinical trial with Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) in patients with breast, prostate and bladder cancer, is described. uPAR is expressed in many types of human cancers and the expression is predictive of invasion, metastasis and indicates poor prognosis. uPAR PET imaging therefore holds promise to be a new and innovative method for improved cancer diagnosis, staging and individual risk stratification.

Intravenous contrast-enhanced CT can be used for CT-based attenuation correction in clinical (111)In-octreotide SPECT/CT.

Background: CT-based attenuation correction (CT-AC) using contrast-enhancement CT impacts (111)In-SPECT image quality and quantification. In this study we assessed and evaluated the effect.

Methods: A phantom (5.

Preparation and Administration of I-125 Labeled Seeds for Localization of Nonpalpable Breast Lesions.

Unlabelled: Radioactive seed localization (RSL) is a new technique for surgical identification of non-palpable breast lesions. We describe the preparation of the needle with I-125 seeds for ultrasound-guided deposition in breast lesions. In a feasibility study we investigated the minimum activity amount needed for reliable gamma probe identification of the seeds and the levels of exposure to the staff.

Simultaneous hyperpolarized (13)C-pyruvate MRI and (18)F-FDG-PET in cancer (hyperPET): feasibility of a new imaging concept using a clinical PET/MRI scanner.

In this paper we demonstrate, for the first time, the feasibility of a new imaging concept - combined hyperpolarized (13)C-pyruvate magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) and (18)F-FDG-PET imaging. This procedure was performed in a clinical PET/MRI scanner with a canine cancer patient. We have named this concept hyper PET.

Prospective phase II trial of image-guided radiotherapy in Hodgkin lymphoma: benefit of deep inspiration breath-hold.

Background: Long-term Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) survivors have an increased risk of late cardiac morbidity and secondary lung cancer after chemotherapy and mediastinal radiotherapy. In this prospective study we investigate whether radiotherapy with deep inspiration breath-hold (DIBH) can reduce radiation doses to the lungs, heart, and cardiac structures without compromising the target dose.

Patients And Methods: Twenty-two patients (14 female, 8 male), median age 30 years (18-65 years), with supra-diaphragmatic HL were enrolled and had a thoracic PET/CT with DIBH in addition to staging FDG-PET/CT in free breathing (FB) and a planning CT in both FB and DIBH.

Improving quantitative dosimetry in (177)Lu-DOTATATE SPECT by energy window-based scatter corrections.

Purpose: Patient-specific dosimetry of lutetium-177 ((177)Lu)-DOTATATE treatment in neuroendocrine tumours is important, because uptake differs across patients. Single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT)-based dosimetry requires a conversion factor between the obtained counts and the activity, which depends on the collimator type, the utilized energy windows and the applied scatter correction techniques. In this study, energy window subtraction-based scatter correction methods are compared experimentally and quantitatively.

Positron emission tomography of the vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque in man--a contemporary review.

Atherosclerosis is the primary underlying cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). It is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western world today and is set to become the prevailing disease and major cause of death worldwide by 2020. In the 1950s surgical intervention was introduced to treat symptomatic patients with high-grade carotid artery stenosis due to atherosclerosis--a procedure known as carotid endarterectomy (CEA).

Clinical evaluation of PET image reconstruction using a spatial resolution model.

Purpose: PET image resolution is variable across the measured field-of-view and described by the point spread function (PSF). When accounting for the PSF during PET image reconstruction image resolution is improved and partial volume effects are reduced. Here, we evaluate the effect of PSF-based reconstruction on lesion quantification in routine clinical whole-body (WB) PET/CT imaging.

Image artifacts from MR-based attenuation correction in clinical, whole-body PET/MRI.

Purpose: Integrated whole-body PET/MRI tomographs have become available. PET/MR imaging has the potential to supplement, or even replace combined PET/CT imaging in selected clinical indications. However, this is true only if methodological pitfalls and image artifacts arising from novel MR-based attenuation correction (MR-AC) are fully understood.

Clinical PET of neuroendocrine tumors using 64Cu-DOTATATE: first-in-humans study.

Unlabelled: The use of positron emitter-labeled compounds for somatostatin receptor imaging (SRI) has become attractive because of the prospect of improved spatial resolution, accelerated imaging procedures, and the ability to quantify tissue radioactivity concentrations. This paper provides results from first-in-humans use of (64)Cu-DOTATATE, an avidly binding somatostatin receptor ligand linked to a radioisotope with intermediate half-life and favorable positron energy (half-life, 12.7 h; maximum positron energy, 0.