Mothers' and fathers' views of family management and health-related quality of life for young adult survivors of childhood brain tumors.

Purpose: To examine associations between fathers' and mothers' appraisals of family management and physical and emotional health-related quality of life (QOL) for young adult survivors of childhood brain tumors.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Sample: 47 mothers and 39 fathers (39-67 years old); 47 survivors (18-33 years old).

Patterns of Alcohol Abstinence in Mexican Women Residing in the United States: Effects of Nativity and Duration in the United States.

Objectives: Explore changes in abstinence rates in Mexican women (MW) residing in the United States based on nativity and time in the United States as an indicator risks for future alcohol-related disorders.

Design: A secondary analysis of data from the National Health Interview Survey evaluated rates of abstinence between 2000 and 2017. A logistic regression was completed to address the impact of age, years in the United States, sample years.

Utilizing health records to characterize obesity, comorbidities, and health-care services in one human service agency in the United States.

US surveys report higher prevalence of obesity in adults with intellectual disability. Health records of 40 adults with intellectual disability were retrospectively reviewed for data on health status, problem lists with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes, medication lists, and health encounters over 18 months. Mean age was 49.

Family Functioning Mediates the Association Between Neurocognitive Functioning and Health-Related Quality of Life in Young Adult Survivors of Childhood Brain Tumors.

Purpose: Childhood brain tumor (BT) survivors experience significant neurocognitive sequelae that affect health-related quality of life (HRQOL). A model of neurodevelopmental late effects and family functioning in childhood cancer survivors suggests associations between survivor neurocognitive functioning, family functioning, and survivor HRQOL. This study examines the concurrent associations between survivor neurocognitive functioning, family functioning, and survivor emotional HRQOL, and the indirect effects of neurocognitive functioning on survivor emotional HRQOL through family functioning.

Sensory stimuli as obstacles to emergency care for children with autism spectrum disorder.

Visits to the emergency department (ED) are stressful for any patient and pose special challenges and potential barriers to care for those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In addition, people (both children and adults) with ASD differ in their perception of, or responses to, environmental stimuli. Some people with ASD present with sensory defensiveness that is environmentally moderated, but there is a gap in our knowledge about patterns or thresholds of stimulation that kindle behavioral responses.

Drinks per day in women of Mexican origin: does birth place matter?

Historically, Mexican-born women who immigrate to the United States (U.S.) have lower levels of alcohol use and higher rates of abstinence compared with Mexican American women born in the U.

Characterising emergency department high-frequency users in a rural hospital.

Objective: Patients who are frequent users (≥4 visits/year) comprise ∼10% of patients, but account for ∼34% of total yearly emergency department (ED) visits. Non-emergent care provided to frequent ED users affects operating costs and usage. The majority of reports characterising frequent ED use are from urban teaching centres.

What's age got to do with it? Partner age difference, power, intimate partner violence, and sexual risk in urban adolescents.

Adolescent girls with older male main partners are at greater risk for adverse sexual health outcomes than other adolescent girls. One explanation for this finding is that low relationship power occurs with partner age difference. Using a cross-sectional, descriptive design, we investigated the effect of partner age difference between an adolescent girl and her male partner on sexual risk behavior through the mediators of sexual relationship power, and physical intimate partner violence (IPV), and psychological IPV severity.

Associations among depressive symptoms, dating violence, and relationship power in urban, adolescent girls.

Objective: To explore the associations among dating violence (DV), aggression, relationship power, and depressive symptoms.

Design: A cross-sectional survey secondary analysis.

Setting: An urban, school based health center, October, 2009 through May, 2009.

Sex differences in the heritability of alcohol problems.

Genetic factors may have a role in defining more coherent clinical phenotypes and subtypes in the DSM-V. Research has demonstrated that there are gender differences in the patterns of alcohol consumption, specific symptom endorsement, withdrawal effects, and rates of alcohol use disorders (AUD). We examined the sex-specific heritability of diagnostic symptoms for alcohol-related problems in a community-based sample of twin pairs (males: n = 519; females: n = 613) using a biometrical analytic strategy to estimate the genetic and environmental components of AUD symptoms.

Lesbians' disclosure of sexual orientation and satisfaction with care.

The overarching aim of this study was to explore demographic variables and their association with a woman's disclosure of sexual orientation to a health care provider (HCP). This descriptive correlation study used a convenience sample of 96 women recruited at gay and lesbian community events held in Delaware. A self-report survey of 35 questions was used to obtain the data.

Diplotypes of the human serotonin 1B receptor promoter predict growth hormone responses to sumatriptan in abstinent alcohol-dependent men.

Background: Some studies have associated alcohol dependence (AD) with the human serotonin (5-HT)(1B) receptor (HTR1B). This investigation explored the functional responsivity of HTR1B in abstinent AD men using a sumatriptan challenge, while measuring genetic heterogeneity in the HTR1B promoter.

Methods: Abstinent AD men (n = 27) and abstinent men without any alcohol use disorder (n = 19) were administered 6 mg of sumatriptan succinate, subcutaneously.

Association of parental smoking behaviors and absences in school-age children: implications for the nurse practitioner.

Purpose: To examine the association between reported absences and parental smoking in school-age children, aged 6-17, and to specifically explore the impact of maternal smoking on the health and attendance of school-age children.

Data Sources: The sample of 7488 parent-child dyads was randomly selected from the 2002 National Health Interview Survey, a multipurpose cross-sectional household interview survey conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The parent sample included 2673 men and 4375 women.

Genetic correlations between smoking initiation and smoking behaviors in a twin sample.

Early exposure to cigarettes is connected to increasing rate of regular use later in life. We examine genetic correlation between the age of first cigarette and later smoking related behaviors. The sample consisted of twin ages 25 to 75.

Affiliation with deviant peers among children of substance dependent fathers from pre-adolescence into adolescence: associations with problem behaviors.

Objective: Affiliation with delinquent peers has been shown to be a major risk factor for the development of antisocial and substance abuse behaviors in adolescence. However, little data are available concerning the developmental trajectories of deviant peer affiliation.

Method: In this study, we have prospectively examined the density of deviant peers among the social networks of children of drug dependent fathers at age 10, and at 2 and 5 year follow-ups, and compared them with those of controls.

The genetics of substance abuse.

Substance abuse is among the most prevalent psychiatric disorders in males and contributes significantly to the morbidity and mortality nurses see in practice. Substance use and abuse disorders were the cause of a half million drug-related visits to emergency rooms in 1995, with more than 50% related to drug overdoses. Substance abuse and dependency result from a complex interaction of genetics and the environment.

Does adverse family environment or sex matter in the salivary cortisol responses to anticipatory stress?

We previously reported that in anticipation of a modest stressor, preadolescent sons of drug-dependent fathers (HR) demonstrated a diminished salivary cortisol response relative to comparison boys. No data were available concerning anticipatory salivary cortisol responses in preadolescent daughters of HR fathers. Additionally, we hypothesized that diminished stress responses in HR youth might be an adaptation to a stressful family environment.

Family functioning and peer affiliation in children of fathers with antisocial personality disorder and substance dependence: associations with problem behaviors.

Objective: Family functioning and peer influences are theoretically linked to child psychopathology. This study quantified the functional status of families with fathers with substance dependence with or without comorbid antisocial personality disorder and evaluated the peer environments of preadolescent offspring. The authors examined associations between the child's psychopathology, paternal substance dependence/antisocial personality disorder status, and measures of family and peer environments.