Prescription of near addition and its relation to accommodative reserve in presbyopia - The dichotomy between theory and practice.

Purpose: To study the relationship between the amplitude of accommodation (AA) measured by the Royal Air Force (RAF) rule and near addition (NA) prescribed in presbyopic patients to assess how far practice is different from theoretical recommendations.

Methods: Patients, aged 40 to 60 years with best corrected vision of 6/6 N5 were included in this cross sectional observational study. AA was measured using the RAF rule.

Low vision device requirements among children from two schools for the blind in Tamil Nadu.

Purpose: To identify children with low vision from two local schools for the blind, to provide low vision devices (LVD) to those who may benefit from it, and to encourage them to learn print.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted among children from two local schools for the blind. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was done using the Snellen chart.

A reappraisal of indirect choroidal rupture using swept-source optical coherence tomography pathology images in patients with blunt eye trauma.

Purpose: To describe the in-vivo pathology of indirect choroidal rupture (ICR) in patients with recent ocular trauma using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SSOCT).

Methods: Retrospective observational study of the presenting and follow-up OCT images of four consecutive Asian patients with blunt trauma presenting over a period of 6 months and review of OCT descriptions in the literature.

Results: The three patients who presented within 2 weeks of injury showed a gap in the Bruch's membrane (BM)/retinal pigment epithelial complex at the site of the ICR.

An experimental study to test the efficacy of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in reducing corneal scarring in an ex-vivo organ culture model.

In this study, we evaluated the effect of placenta-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) versus placebo in improving corneal transparency following experimental injury in an ex-vivo organ culture model of post-mortem human corneas. We also compared the influence of MSCs on the basic histopathology of the cornea and the immunohistochemistry markers of fibrotic corneal scarring. Mesenchymal Stem Cells extracted from the placenta were isolated and expanded in-vitro.

Primary ocular presentation of tuberous sclerosis - A case report.

A 25-year-old man presented with decreased vision in the left eye with hypopigmented elevated subretinal lesion over the optic disk with abnormal vasculature, subretinal and retinal hemorrhages, and fluid in the macula. An area of high spike over the disk with corresponding orbital shadowing was seen on B scan ultrasonography. Fundus fluorescein angiography revealed abnormal vasculature.

Facilitating factors in overcoming barriers to cataract surgical services among the bilaterally cataract blind in Southern India: A cross-sectional study.

Purpose: To effectively address cataract blindness, increasing sight-restoring surgeries among the bilaterally blind are essential. To improve uptake of surgical services among this group, evidence regarding the problems of access is vital. Barriers in accessing eye care services have previously been reported but not specific to bilaterally cataract blind patients.

Pars-plana fluid aspiration for positive vitreous cavity pressure in anterior segment surgeries.

Positive vitreous pressure due to misdirection of aqueous or choroidal effusion leads to shallowing of the anterior chamber (AC) before or during anterior segment surgeries. This shallow AC if not addressed makes surgery difficult and increases the risk of surgical complications. Methods to prevent and manage this condition described in literature are not without problems.

Successful surgical management of bilateral epiretinal membrane in a child with only café-au-lait spots.

A 6-year-old boy diagnosed as anisometropic amblyopia, with only café-au-lait spots and a family history of neurofibromatosis, presented with decrease in vision in the both eyes. Dilated fundus examination showed epiretinal membrane in both eyes over the macula. He underwent successful surgical management of the epiretinal membrane.

Ocular myiasis in a glioma: a case report.

Background: Ocular myiasis though rare, is usually found in association with basal cell carcinoma. It is rarer still in tumors other than basal cell carcinoma. We report a case of ocular myiasis in a glioma which is hitherto unreported to the best of our knowledge.

Tenons Patch Graft in the Management of Large Corneal Perforations.

Purpose: To describe a technique to manage corneal perforations between 3 and 6 mm in size using autologous Tenons tissue with cyanoacrylate glue and a bandage contact lens.

Methods: A thin layer of Tenons capsule harvested from the patient's own eye is used to seal the perforation and act as a scaffold. The Tenons patch graft is spread over the perforation and held in place by the application of cyanoacrylate glue.

Unusual presentation of subretinal cysticercosis with hypopyon uveitis.

Subretinal cysticercosis presenting with anterior uveitis and hypopyon is rare. A 7-year-old boy presented with pain and hypopyon in the right eye. Ultrasonography showed a cystic lesion with scolex.

Dimensions of the foveal avascular zone using the Heidelberg retinal angiogram-2 in normal eyes.

Purpose: The purpose was to study the dimensions of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) using Heidelberg Retinal Angiogram-2 (HRA-2; Heidelberg Engineering GmBH, Dossenheim, Germany).

Materials And Methods: An observational study of the FAZ area and circumference was done with fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) using HRA-2 in 31 normal individuals. The FAZ was studied using both contrast-adjusted and nonadjusted methods.

Orbito-sinal foreign body.

Perforating injuries of the orbit involving the paranasal sinuses are uncommon. We report a case in which a large wooden foreign body lodged in the posterior orbit and maxillary sinus was surgically removed by a combined approach by ophthalmologists and ear, nose and throat surgeons.

Correlation between ocular parameters and amplitude of accommodation.

Aim: To study the relationship between ocular parameters and amplitude of accommodation (AA) in the peri-presbyopic age group (35-50 years).

Materials And Methods: Three hundred and sixteen right eyes of consecutive patients in the age group 35-50 years, who attended our outpatient clinic, were studied. Emmetropes, hypermetropes and myopes with best-corrected visual acuity of 20/20, J1 in both eyes were included.

Optical coherence tomography in a patient with chloroquine-induced maculopathy.

We herein report the optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings in a case of chloroquine-induced macular toxicity, which to our knowledge, has so far not been reported. A 53-year-old lady on chloroquine for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis developed decrease in vision 36 months after initiation of the treatment. Clinical examination revealed evidence of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) disturbances.

Bilateral choroidal metastasis from carcinoma of the submandibular gland.

Metastatic tumor is the most common uveal malignancy. However, choroidal metastasis from a salivary gland neoplasm is extremely rare. We report a case of bilateral, multifocal choroidal metastasis from carcinoma of the submandibular gland.

The effect of Gonioscopy on keratometry and corneal surface topography.

Background: Biometric procedures such as keratometry performed shortly after contact procedures like gonioscopy and applanation tonometry could affect the validity of the measurement. This study was conducted to understand the short-term effect of gonioscopy on corneal curvature measurements and surface topography based Simulated Keratometry and whether this would alter the power of an intraocular lens implant calculated using post-gonioscopy measurements. We further compared the effect of the 2-mirror (Goldmann) and the 4-mirror (Sussman) Gonioscopes.

Role of frequency doubling technology perimetry in screening of diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose: To study the ability of frequency-doubling technology perimetry (FDT) to detect sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy.

Method: Fifty-eight eyes of fifty-eight patients with established diagnosis of diabetes mellitus with diabetic retinopathy, fifty-five eyes of fifty-five diabetic patients without retinopathy and forty-one eyes of forty-one normals underwent FDT and dilated stereo-biomicroscopic fundus examination. The sensitivity and specificity of FDT in identification of "sight-threatening retinopathy" (severe and very severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy and proliferative diabetic retinopathy) and clinically significant macular edema (CSME) were determined.

Amplitude of accommodation and its relation to refractive errors.

Aims: To evaluate the relationship between amplitude of accommodation and refractive errors in the peri-presbyopic age group.

Materials And Methods: Three hundred and sixteen right eyes of 316 consecutive patients in the age group 35-50 years who attended our outpatient clinic were studied. Emmetropes, hypermetropes and myopes with best-corrected visual acuity of 6/6 J1 in both eyes were included.

The incidence of vitreous loss and visual outcome in patients undergoing cataract surgery in a teaching hospital.

Purpose: To determine the incidence of vitreous loss in patients undergoing cataract surgery and the visual outcome in a tertiary teaching hospital.

Methods: Hospital records of 2095 consecutive patients undergoing cataract surgery between July 1999 and June 2000 were reviewed in this non-concurrent cohort study. Incidence and visual outcome of vitreous loss managed using standard vitrectomy techniques were assessed for different cataract surgical techniques (extracapsular, Blumenthal technique and phacoemulsification) as well as at different levels of surgical training.