Complements or Substitutes? Young Germans' Experience and Expectations with Financing Sources for Long-Term Care.

Financing long-term care is a growing challenge in aging societies. To address this challenge, Germany created public long-term care insurance (DPV) more than 25 years ago. Germans still need to prepare for their own care throughout their life course to supplement public insurance.

[Community-based housing communities : Inventory, qualitative classification and recommendations for action].

According to the will of the German legislator, community-based housing communities are supposed to help implement the pluralistic welfare in mixed care settings and strategies in the structure of long-term care. They follow the principle of shared responsibility, which is characterized by the co-productive cooperation of professionals, working relatives and volunteers. The inventory of residential communities with ambulatory care, which was carried out on behalf of the German Federal Ministry of Health, was based on the concept of hybridity for a qualitative classification of the different types of housing communities.

[Sheltered living groups : Hybrid form of care services in legal conflict situation].

Sheltered living groups are enjoying great popularity in Germany. They represent an alternative to home care on the one hand and to nursing homes on the other hand. Under German law they face a conflict situation and must fulfil many legal requirements, which confront the foundation and operation with legal barriers.

[Law and the phase of life old age].

In spite of the greatly increased role, which the law attributes to the design of individual life styles and living of elderly people, there is no special legal area known in the German legal system, such as "rights of the elderly", which is the case in the field of the youth law. Special legal regulations covering the concerns/issues of elderly people were always considered to be in danger, as they may have the potential to discrimination, either in a positive or negative way. Due to this fact, the rights of the elderly can be described as synthetic and are subject to constant changes, as can be observed within the pension act.

Effectiveness of a multifactorial intervention to reduce physical restraints in nursing home residents.

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of a multifactorial intervention to reduce the use of physical restraints in residents of nursing homes.

Design: Cluster-randomized controlled trial.

Setting: Forty-five nursing homes in Germany.

[Case management in long-term care--the task of individual related and family-oriented support for people in need of care and its realization through the reform of long-term care insurance].

The introduction of standardized Case Management structures to improve coordination and cooperation of all involved in care, such as cost units, service providers, voluntary organizations, families and the different occupational categories involved in nursing, is the main concern of the current reform of German long-term care insurance. In this article, demands on Case Management in care are enunciated and the basics found in expert talks, needed for efficient support of care, assembled. In doing so, the role and function of Case Management is differentiated, the different levels (case, organizational and system levels) distinguished and options and conditions needed to settle such an organization are introduced.