Long-term outcomes of foreskin reconstruction in distal hypospadias; a cohort study spanning twenty years.

Introduction: Surgical correction of hypospadias aims to achieve normal functionality and appearance. This entails foreskin reconstruction (FR) in countries where the uncircumcised penis constitutes the norm. Long-term data are however scarce.

Impact of ischemia time during partial nephrectomy on short- and long-term renal function.

Objective: Partial nephrectomy is the gold standard treatment in small renal tumours. During partial nephrectomy, the renal artery is clamped which creates transient ischemia. This can damage nephrons and may affect kidney function immediately postoperatively and on long-term.