The impact of preradiosurgery embolization on intracranial arteriovenous malformations: a matched cohort analysis based on de novo lesion volume.

Objective: The benefits and risks of pre-stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) embolization have been reported in different studies. The goal of this study was to compare the long-term outcome of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) treated with and without pre-SRS embolization.

Methods: A database including 1159 patients with AVMs who underwent SRS was reviewed.

Enhancement of multiple cranial and spinal nerves in vanishing white matter: expanding the differential diagnosis.

Abnormal cranial or spinal nerve contrast enhancement on MRI in cases of suspected pediatric leukodystrophy is recognized as an important clue to the diagnosis of either metachromatic leukodystrophy or globoid cell leukodystrophy (Krabbe disease). We report a case of genetically confirmed childhood vanishing white matter with enhancement of multiple cranial and spinal nerves in addition to the more typical intracranial findings. This case expands the limited differential diagnosis of cranial nerve or spinal nerve enhancement in cases of suspected leukodystrophy and may aid in more efficient work-up and earlier diagnosis of vanishing white matter.

Primary osteogenic osteosarcoma of the ethmoid sinus in an adolescent: case report.

Osteosarcomas of the craniofacial bones account for fewer than 10% of all osteosarcomas. Primary osteosarcomas of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinus are rare (0.5-8.

Sialadenitis following low dose I-131 diagnostic thyroid scan with Thyrogen® (recombinant human thyroid stimulating hormone--thyrotropin alfa).

Salivary dysfunction and sialadenitis are well known complications of radioiodine treatment for thyroid cancer. The parotid gland is more frequently affected and the salivary gland injury is dose related. The symptoms may develop shortly after therapeutic Iodine 131(I-131) administration or months later and progress with time.

Isolated contralateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss: an unusual manifestation of pontine infarct.

Unilateral, acute onset sensorineural hearing loss ("sudden sensorineural hearing loss" [SSNHL]) as an isolated event without other associated neurological deficits usually results from a lesion of the cochlea. Lesions in the ascending central auditory pathways cranial to the cochlear nucleus seldom result in unilateral hearing loss due to decussation of the central auditory pathways at multiple levels. We describe a patient with a tiny acute infarct in the right pons resulting in isolated acute onset left-sided SSHNL, without any other associated acute neurological deficits.

Spontaneous regression and recurrence of a tumefactive perivascular space.

Perivascular spaces can occasionally appear mass-like (tumefactive or giant perivascular space), and can be associated with clinical symptoms. Spontaneous regression of a tumefactive perivascular space is a very rare phenomenon with only two reported cases in the English medical literature. Spontaneous regression of a tumefactive perivascular space along with resolution of clinical symptoms, followed by spontaneous recurrence associated with symptom recurrence is an extremely rare occurrence, which to the best of our knowledge, has not been reported in the medical literature.

Non-azygos accessory fissure in right upper lobe associated with superior and inferior accessory fissures in right lower lobe.

Accessory fissures in the lungs are common congenital variations, usually detected as incidental findings in radiographs or CT scan. Accessory fissures can act as an anatomic barrier to the spread of inflammatory or neoplastic disease, as well as due to the variant anatomy, mimic lesions. It is important to recognize the presence of accessory fissures, as they affect surgical planning of pulmonary lobectomy and segmentectomy.

Susac syndrome in a young child.

Susac syndrome is a microangiopathy of unknown origin affecting the brain, retina and inner ear. This rare entity is often misdiagnosed as a demyelinating condition such as multiple sclerosis or acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. A high index of suspicion must be present as the majority of patients do not have the complete clinical triad at the time of onset of symptoms.