The InBIO Barcoding Initiative Database: DNA barcodes of Iberian Bees.

Background: Bees are important actors in terrestrial ecosystems and are recognised for their prominent role as pollinators. In the Iberian Peninsula, approximately 1,100 bee species are known, with nearly 100 of these species being endemic to the Peninsula. A reference collection of DNA barcodes, based on morphologically identified bee specimens, representing 514 Iberian species, was constructed.

New Old World Andrena species, with a focus on Turkey (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae).

Andrena is the second most speciose genus of bees, but much taxonomic work is still required to describe taxa from its centre of diversity-the Old World Mediterranean basin including Turkey to Central Asia-as well as to resolve nomenclatural issues. An additional 16 new species discovered in museum collections are described here: Andrena (Taeniandrena) laevicorpus spec. nov.

Twenty-five new species of mining bees (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae: Andrena) from Israel and the Levant.

Andrena is one of the most diverse bee genera, comprising about 1,600 described species of ground-nesting solitary bees. Many Andrena species are plant specialists, and several taxa have been indicated to be important pollinators of wild and/or crop plants. The Eastern Mediterranean Basin and Israel in particular are one of the main world diversity hotspots of Andrena.

Fifteen new Andrena species from little-visited arid, Mediterranean, and mountainous parts of the Old World (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae).

Andrena is the second most speciose genus of bees, with around 1,500 species known globally. It is predominantly distributed through the Holarctic with severely limited diversity in other biogeographical regions, and with the greatest species richness in arid and Mediterranean areas. Despite a long history of study, many species remain undescribed.

An update and revision of the fauna of Morocco (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Andrenidae) with the description of eleven new North African species.

Morocco has a diverse bee fauna, but one that has also been relatively understudied in recent years. Here a revision of the species-rich genus is presented that reveals eleven new species for science and substantially improves our understanding of North African . From Morocco, Andrena (Aciandrena) semiadesus Wood, , Andrena (Aciandrena) triangulivalvis Wood , Andrena (Campylogaster) sparsipunctata Wood , Andrena (Carandrena) hebescens Wood , Andrena (Cnemidandrena) niveofacies Wood , () Wood , Andrena (Notandrena) acutidentis Wood , Andrena (Poliandrena) breviceps Wood , and Andrena (Poliandrena) farinosoides Wood are described and their ecology is discussed.

Updates to the bee fauna of Portugal with the description of three new Iberian Andrena species (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila).

Portugal is home to a rich but understudied bee fauna that was recently comprehensively documented for the first time. As part of ongoing work to improve the knowledge of Portuguese bees, efforts have been made to survey poorly recorded parts of the country and to continue to review existing material in museum collections. These efforts have resulted in 28 species newly discovered in Portugal, as well as eight species added from the literature and two taxa recently raised to full species status.

The environmental risks of neonicotinoid pesticides: a review of the evidence post 2013.

Neonicotinoid pesticides were first introduced in the mid-1990s, and since then, their use has grown rapidly. They are now the most widely used class of insecticides in the world, with the majority of applications coming from seed dressings. Neonicotinoids are water-soluble, and so can be taken up by a developing plant and can be found inside vascular tissues and foliage, providing protection against herbivorous insects.