Duration to Establish an Emergency Vascular Access and How to Accelerate It: A Simulation-Based Study Performed in Real-Life Neonatal Resuscitation Rooms.

Objectives: To compare the duration to establish an umbilical venous catheter and an intraosseous access in real hospital delivery rooms and as a secondary aim to assess delaying factors during establishment and to provide recommendations to accelerate vascular access in neonatal resuscitation.

Design: Retrospective analysis of audio-video recorded neonatal simulation training.

Settings: Simulation training events in exact replications of actual delivery/resuscitation rooms of 16 hospitals with different levels of care (Austria and Germany).