Effect of HCV or HIV infection on mortality among hospitalized persons who used opioids, 2000-2010.

Mortality due to opioid misuse and overdose has increased substantially in the United States over the past two decades. The study objective was to describe the causes of death among persons with opioid-related hospitalizations and examine survival by Hepatitis C virus (HCV) or HIV. Opioid-related hospitalization records in Pennsylvania from 2000 to 2010 were linked to death registry files to assess cause of death, and survival from first hospital discharge date to death date, or December 31, 2010.

Participant food and activity costs in a translational Diabetes Prevention Program.

The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) and its translational adaptations have been shown to be effective. However, individual-level economic impacts, such as the out-of-pocket costs borne by participants due to involvement in these programs have not been consistently and thoroughly evaluated. As cost is an important consideration that will impact the willingness of individuals to participate in such programs, this study examined direct monetary costs to participants in the Group Lifestyle Balance (GLB) DPP.

Opioid-related hospitalizations in Pennsylvania: A latent class analysis.

Background: Opioid abuse is associated with substantial morbidity and often results in hospitalization. Despite this, patient-level factors associated with opioid-related hospitalizations are not well understood.

Methods: We used the Pennsylvania Health Care Cost Containment Council dataset (2000-2014) to identify opioid-related hospitalizations using primary and/or secondary ICD-9-CM hospital discharge codes for opioid use disorder (OUD), opioid poisoning, and heroin poisoning.

Healthcare and associated costs related to type 2 diabetes in youth and adolescence: the TODAY clinical trial experience.

The economic issues related to medical treatments in youth with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are rarely reported and thus not fully understood. The Treatment Options for type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth clinical trial of youth recently diagnosed with T2D collected healthcare and related cost information from the largest cohort studied to date. Costs related to medical treatments and expenses faced by caregivers were identified over a 2-year period from 496 participants.

The Rapid Escalation of Fentanyl in Illicit Drug Evidence in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, 2010-2016.

Opioid overdose deaths in the United States quadrupled from 1999 (n = 8050 deaths) to 2015 (n = 33 091 deaths), and the number of deaths associated with synthetic opioids, such as fentanyl, increased from 3105 deaths in 2013 to nearly 20 000 deaths in 2016. Given this rapid increase, timely surveillance for drugs in circulation is crucial. However, current surveillance systems used to track drug overdoses do not detect new drugs in circulation quickly.

Is There a Relationship Between Perceived Neighborhood Contentedness and Physical Activity in Young Men and Women.

The relationship between perceived neighborhood contentedness and physical activity was evaluated in the Add Health study population. Wave I includes 20,745 respondents (collected between 1994 and 1995) and wave II includes 14,738 (71 %) of these same students (collected in 1996). Multinomial logistic regression was used to evaluate this relationship in both wave I and wave II of the sample.

The association between weekly work hours, crew familiarity, and occupational injury and illness in emergency medical services workers.

Objective: Emergency Medical Services (EMS) workers are shift workers in a high-risk, uncontrolled occupational environment. EMS-worker fatigue has been associated with self-reported injury, but the influence of extended weekly work hours is unknown.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was designed using historical shift schedules and occupational injury and illness reports.

An observational study of shift length, crew familiarity, and occupational injury and illness in emergency medical services workers.

Objectives: Emergency medical services (EMS) clinicians are shift workers deployed in two-person teams. Extended shift duration, workplace fatigue, poor sleep and lack of familiarity with teammates are common in the EMS workforce and may contribute to workplace injury. We sought to examine the relationship between shift length and occupational injury while controlling for relevant shift work and teamwork factors.

Improvements in the life expectancy of type 1 diabetes: the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications study cohort.

Survival in type 1 diabetes has improved, but the impact on life expectancy in the U.S. type 1 diabetes population is not well established.

Health-related quality of life in adolescents with or at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: To evaluate how adolescents with or at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and their parent/guardians (parents) perceive adolescents' health-related quality of life.

Study Design: We interviewed overweight/obese, 12- to 18-year-old youth with T2DM, prediabetes, or insulin resistance and one parent from 5 US sites. Assessments included Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL), Health Utilities Index, family conflict, and diabetes burden.

Association between poor sleep, fatigue, and safety outcomes in emergency medical services providers.

Objective: To determine the association between poor sleep quality, fatigue, and self-reported safety outcomes among emergency medical services (EMS) workers.

Methods: We used convenience sampling of EMS agencies and a cross-sectional survey design. We administered the 19-item Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), 11-item Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire (CFQ), and 44-item EMS Safety Inventory (EMS-SI) to measure sleep quality, fatigue, and safety outcomes, respectively.

Preferences for type 2 diabetes health states among adolescents with or at risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: We evaluated how adolescents with or at risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and their parent/guardians (parents) value health states associated with T2DM.

Methods: We interviewed overweight/obese [Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 85th percentile], 12-18-yr old adolescents with T2DM, prediabetes, or insulin resistance (IR) and a parent. The standard gamble (SG) method elicited preferences (utilities) for seven hypothetical T2DM health states reported on a scale from 0 (dead) to 1 (perfect health).

Associations between socioeconomic status and major complications in type 1 diabetes: the Pittsburgh epidemiology of diabetes complication (EDC) Study.

Purpose: To understand the effect of socioeconomic status (SES) on the risk of complications in type 1 diabetes (T1D), we explored the relationship between SES and major diabetes complications in a prospective, observational T1D cohort study.

Methods: Complete data were available for 317 T1D persons within 4 years of age 28 (ages 24-32) in the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study. Age 28 was selected to maximize income, education, and occupation potential and to minimize the effect of advanced diabetes complications on SES.

Association of socioeconomic status with mortality in type 1 diabetes: the Pittsburgh epidemiology of diabetes complications study.

Purpose: Socioeconomic status (SES) as a risk factor for mortality in type 1 diabetes (T1D) has not been adequately studied prospectively.

Methods: Complete clinical and SES (income, education, occupation) data were available for 317 T1D participants in the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study within 4 years of age 28 (chosen to maximize income, education, and occupational potential, and to minimize the SES effect of advanced diabetes complications). Vital status was determined as of 1/1/2008.

Impact of patient level factors on the improvement of the ABCs of diabetes.

Objective: To determine which patient factors contribute to improvements in the ABCs of diabetes following a multi-faceted diabetes care intervention.

Methods: A multi-level, cluster design, randomized controlled trial examined the effectiveness of a Chronic Care Model (CCM) intervention in an underserved community (n=119).

Results: Improvements in glycemic control were experienced among older subjects (p=0.

Severity of interstitial cystitis symptoms and quality of life in female patients.

Objective: Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a visceral pain syndrome with a profound impact on quality of life (QOL). The main aims of the current study are as follows: (1) to determine possible factors that may increase the severity of symptoms and decrease QOL in women diagnosed with IC; (2) to study how symptom severity affects QOL adjusting for these factors; and (3) to investigate which symptom is most likely to impair IC patients' physical and mental QOL.

Methods: Forty-one women (age, 20-71 years) with moderate/severe IC enrolled in a clinical trial of intravesical pentosan polysulfate sodium in California (USA) were included in this cross-sectional analysis.

A comparison of baseline sociodemographic and clinical characteristics between major depressive disorder patients with and without diabetes: a STAR*D report.

Background: Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) have high rates of medical comorbidities which can impair MDD treatment. Yet little is known regarding associations between the presence of a serious comorbidity and MDD treatment. The purpose of this study was to examine the baseline sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of MDD outpatients with and without diabetes mellitus to evaluate possible associations between these characteristics and the presence of comorbid diabetes.

High risk characteristics for motor vehicle crashes in persons with diabetes by age.

Studies highlight a higher involvement of drivers with diabetes in motor vehicle accidents. Extensive debate, though, exists over the most appropriate approach to license these drivers. Risk factors for crashes in persons with diabetes are not well defined.

Influences on screening for chronic diabetes complications in type 1 diabetes.

Screening for the long-term complications of diabetes is a critical component of diabetes management; however, evidence demonstrates that screening rates in diabetes populations are suboptimal. Our objective was to determine the use and predictors of optimal screening behavior, defined as receiving a fasting lipid test, dilated eye exam, spot urine test, foot examination, blood pressure reading, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in the previous year in a representative cohort of subjects with type 1 diabetes. Data are from the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study, a prospective cohort study of subjects with childhood onset type 1 diabetes.

Translating the chronic care model into the community: results from a randomized controlled trial of a multifaceted diabetes care intervention.

Objective: To determine whether using the chronic care model (CCM) in an underserved community leads to improved clinical and behavioral outcomes for people with diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: This multilevel, cluster-design, randomized controlled trial examined the effectiveness of a CCM-based intervention in an underserved urban community. Eleven primary care practices, along with their patients, were randomized to three groups: CCM intervention (n = 30 patients), provider education only (PROV group) (n = 38), and usual care (UC group) (n = 51).

The injury risk to wheelchair occupants using motor vehicle transportation.

The transportation safety experience for persons using wheelchairs is largely unknown. Motor vehicle crash involvement and injury frequency was examined in a telephone interview completed by 596 wheelchair users. Overall, 42% were drivers.