Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Chronic Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction.

Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) is a rare disorder characterized by an impairment of coordinated propulsive activity in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which clinically mimics mechanical intestinal obstruction. CIPO is the most severe and debilitating form of GI dysmotility. CIPO may be primary or be secondary to pathology at any level of the brain-gut axis as well as systemic disease.

Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of opioid-induced constipation.

Opioids are potent analgesics used for the treatment of acute and chronic pain. Side-effects are common and among the most bothersome are those associated with opioid-induced bowel dysfunction, which includes opioid-induced constipation. In this Review, we provide a summary of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of opioid-induced constipation, which can be defined as a change in baseline bowel habit or defecatory patterns following initiation, alteration, or increase of opioid therapy.

Symptomatic Course of Foot Osteoarthritis Phenotypes: An 18-Month Prospective Analysis of Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Objective: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a heterogeneous disease, and symptom progression at the foot is unclear. This study investigated the symptomatic course of 3 predefined foot OA phenotypes over an 18-month period.

Methods: The Clinical Assessment Study of the Foot is a community-based cohort of adults ages ≥50 years in North Staffordshire, UK.