Publications by authors named "Thomas J Blom"

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of adjunctive topiramate (TPM) for the treatment of cannabis use disorder in adolescents with bipolar I disorder.

Method: We conducted a 16-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled investigation of quetiapine plus TPM (median dose = 208 mg) vs quetiapine plus placebo in adolescents with bipolar I and cannabis use disorder. All subjects participated in a Motivational Interview and Compliance Enhancement Therapy.

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Background: Little is known about rates of COVID-19 vaccine uptake among youth with bipolar spectrum disorders (BSD). As such, the aim of this study is to assess rates and predictors of COVID-19 vaccine uptake among youth with BSD and their caregivers in the United States.

Methods: Youth and their main caregiver were recruited from a large pragmatic study cohort.

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Objective: To compare second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) and mood stabilizers (MSs) in youth with a bipolar disorder type I (BD-I) manic/mixed episode.

Method: A systematic PubMed/Embase/PsycInfo literature search until December 31, 2023, for randomized trials of SGAs or MSs in patients ≤18 years of age with BD-I manic/mixed episode was conducted. The study included a network meta-analysis comparing treatments regarding mania symptoms and mania response (co-primary outcomes), and secondary efficacy and tolerability outcomes.

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Youth with bipolar spectrum disorders (BSD) are frequently prescribed second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs). Nonadherence to treatment often results in increased mood symptoms and diminished quality of life. We examined SGA adherence rates and adherence barriers among youth who have overweight/obesity and are diagnosed with BSD enrolled in a multisite pragmatic clinical trial.

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To investigate the prevalence and correlates of eating disorder symptoms in adolescents with bipolar I disorder (BP I). We retrospectively collected a -based diagnostic assessment of 179 adolescents with BP I and evaluated clinical variables in those with and without eating disorder symptoms. For comparison, we retrospectively evaluated eating disorder symptoms in adolescents with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).

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Escitalopram is an effective and generally well-tolerated antidepressant, but children of parents with bipolar disorder (BD) may be at increased risk for adverse events associated with antidepressants, including increased irritability, restlessness, impulsivity, and manic symptoms. This risk may be influenced by polymorphisms in genes encoding cytochrome P450 enzymes ( or ), the serotonin transporter (), and the serotonin receptor 2A subtype (). We explored whether gene-drug interactions influence the emergence of adverse events in depressed and/or anxious youth with a family history of BD.

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Background: Obesity is common among persons with bipolar disorder (BD). Liraglutide 3.0 mg/d subcutaneous injection is indicated for chronic weight management and associated with minimal adverse neuropsychiatric effects.

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Background: Youth with a family history of bipolar disorder (BD) may be at increased risk for mood disorders and for developing side effects after antidepressant exposure. The neurobiological basis of these risks remains poorly understood. We aimed to identify biomarkers underlying risk by characterizing abnormalities in the brain connectome of symptomatic youth at familial risk for BD.

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Objective: To compare neurofunctional responses in emotional and attentional networks of psychostimulant-free ADHD youth with and without familial risk for bipolar I disorder (BD).

Methods: ADHD youth with (high-risk, HR,  = 48) and without (low-risk, LR,  = 50) a first-degree relative with BD and healthy controls ( = 46) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing a continuous performance task with emotional distracters. Region-of-interest analyses were performed for bilateral amygdala (AMY), ventrolateral (VLPFC) and dorsolateral (DLPFC) prefrontal cortex, and anterior (ACC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC).

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Converging theoretical frameworks suggest a role and a therapeutic potential for spinal interoceptive pathways in major depressive disorder (MDD). Here, we aimed to evaluate the antidepressant effects and tolerability of transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS) in MDD. This was a double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled, parallel group, pilot clinical trial in unmedicated adults with moderate MDD.

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Depression associated with bipolar disorder (BD) is more common compared to mania. Cognitive, family, and quality-of-life (QOL) factors associated with pediatric bipolar depression are understudied. The goal of this study was to evaluate cognitive, family environmental, and QOL characteristics of youth with bipolar depression.

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Objectives: To characterize the neuroanatomy of BD in youth and its correlation to clinical characteristics.

Methods: The current study includes a sample of 105 unmedicated youth with first-episode BD, aged between 10.1 and 17.

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Objective: Youth with bipolar spectrum disorders may experience improved mood stability when treated with second generation antipsychotics (SGAs); however, SGAs are associated with unhealthy weight gain and adverse metabolic effects. Metformin may mitigate this weight gain but is rarely prescribed by community mental health practitioners. Its long-term efficacy, safety, and acceptability in usual care, and factors that might moderate these effects, are unknown.

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Background: The purpose is to compare youth- and caregiver-reported characteristics of family environment, within and between families with a child experiencing a first manic episode of bipolar disorder (BPD), and families without a child with BPD or familial history of psychiatric disorders (HF).

Methods: Family environment of 61 families with a child with BPD and 44 HF were assessed with Family Environment Scale (FES). We compared FES subscale scores between families with BPD and HF, and caregiver- and youth-rated scores.

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Disruptions in the limbic system, and in emotion regulation circuitry that supports affect modulation, have been reported during acute manic episodes of bipolar disorder (BD). The impact of pharmacological treatment on these deficits, especially in youth, remains poorly characterized. 107 youths with acute manic or mixed episodes of bipolar I disorder and 60 group-matched healthy controls were recruited.

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To identify clinical and central features that differentiate ADHD youth with and without familial risk for bipolar I disorder (BD). Psychostimulant-free ADHD youth (10-18 years) with and without a first-degree relative with BD and healthy controls were enrolled. Bilateral ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H MRS) scans and a range of symptom ratings were performed.

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Although attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and a family history of bipolar I disorder (BD) increase the risk for developing BD, associated pathoetiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. One candidate risk factor is a neurodevelopmental deficiency in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). This study investigated erythrocyte EPA+DHA biostatus in psychostimulant-free ADHD youth with ('high-risk', HR) and without ('low-risk', LR) a first-degree relative with BD, and healthy controls (HC).

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Objective: Disruptions in cognition are a clinically significant feature of bipolar disorder (BD). The effects of different treatments on these deficits and the brain systems that support them remain to be established.

Method: A continuous performance test was administered to 55 healthy controls and 71 acutely ill youths with mixed/manic BD to assess vigilance and working memory during task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging studies.

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Background: Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for children (MBCT-C), as a psychotherapeutic intervention, has been shown to be effective for treating mood dysregulation (MD). While previous neuroimaging studies of MD have reported both pre-treatment structural and functional alterations, the effects of MBCT-C on brain morphological network organisation has not been investigated.

Methods: We investigated brain morphological network organisation in 10 mood-dysregulated youth with familial risk for bipolar disorder and 15 matched healthy comparison youth (HC).

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Article Synopsis
  • Binge eating disorder (BED) is a serious health problem, and there aren't many treatment options available.
  • The study tests a new medication called solriamfetol over 12 weeks to see if it helps people with BED.
  • Researchers are looking at how often people binge eat and other important feelings related to BED to see if the medicine works well and is safe to use.
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To compare the efficacy and tolerability of lithium versus quetiapine for the treatment of manic or mixed episodes in youths with early course bipolar I disorder. Six-week, randomized, double-blind clinical trial of lithium versus quetiapine for the treatment of adolescents with acute manic/mixed episode. Target dose of quetiapine dose was adjusted to a target dose of 400-600 mg and target serum level for lithium was 1.

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Background: Given that psychopharmacological approaches routinely used to treat mood-related problems may result in adverse outcomes in mood dysregulated adolescents at familial risk for bipolar disorder (BD), Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Children (MBCT-C) provides an alternative effective and safe option. However, little is known about the brain mechanisms of beneficial outcomes from this intervention. Herein, we aimed to investigate the network-level neurofunctional effects of MBCT-C in mood dysregulated adolescents.

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Aims: To investigate the mechanism of action of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in depressive symptoms in young individuals at familial risk for bipolar disorder.

Methods: We conducted an 8-week open label clinical trial of NAC 2400 mg/days in 15-24 years old depressed offspring of a bipolar I disorder parent, with baseline and endpoint proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy acquired within the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC).

Results: Nine participants were enrolled and finished the study.

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Despite attentional deficits being a prominent feature of bipolar disorder, there are limited data on the effects of common treatments for bipolar disorder on attention. Thus, we sought to compare the effects of lithium versus quetiapine on attention in adolescents with bipolar disorder. Adolescents ages 10-17 with bipolar disorder, type I, who were experiencing a manic or mixed episode, were recruited from outpatient settings and the inpatient psychiatric units at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center during their first manic episode.

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