Commensal papillomavirus immunity preserves the homeostasis of highly mutated normal skin.

Immunosuppression commonly disrupts the homeostasis of mutated normal skin, leading to widespread skin dysplasia and field cancerization. However, the immune system's role in maintaining the normal state of mutated tissues remains uncertain. Herein, we demonstrate that T cell immunity to cutaneotropic papillomaviruses promotes the homeostasis of ultraviolet radiation-damaged skin.

Pattern of Failure in Patients with Biochemical Recurrence After PSMA Radioguided Surgery.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted radioguided surgery (RGS) is evolving as a new treatment modality for patients with early biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer and disease limited to locoregional lymph nodes on PSMA-ligand PET/CT. Nevertheless, the pattern of failure (locoregional vs. systemic) after PSMA RGS remains unknown.

Biochemical Response of <0.1 ng/ml Predicts Therapy-free Survival of Prostate Cancer Patients following Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen-targeted Salvage Surgery.

Background: In a subset of patients with oligorecurrent prostate cancer (PCa), salvage surgery with prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) radioguided surgery (PSMA-RGS) seems to be of value.

Objective: To evaluate whether a lower level of postoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA; <0.1 ng/ml) is predictive of therapy-free survival (TFS) following salvage PSMA-RGS.

[Salvage lymphadenectomy for recurrent prostate cancer].

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-based positron emission tomography (PET) imaging allows early detection of metastases in patients with biochemical recurrence. Salvage lymphadenectomy became a widely used method of metastasis-directed treatment. Retrospective analyses show that a low prostate-specific antigen (PSA) value and presence of no more than two affected lymph nodes within the pelvis are factors associated with a good outcome.

Heterogeneity of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and PSMA-ligand uptake detection combining autoradiography and postoperative pathology in primary prostate cancer.

Background: Targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has been highly successful for imaging and treatment of prostate cancer. However, heterogeneity in immunohistochemistry indicates limitations in the effect of imaging and radionuclide therapy of multifocal disease. Tc-PSMA-I&S is a γ-emitting probe, which can be used for intraoperative lesion detection and postsurgical autoradiography (ARG).

High-cell-density cultivation of Vibrio natriegens in a low-chloride chemically defined medium.

Vibrio natriegens is a halophilic bacterium with the fastest generation time of non-pathogenic bacteria reported so far. It therefore has high potential as a production strain for biotechnological production processes or other applications in biotechnology. Culture media for V.

Molecular Urothelial Tumor Cell Subtypes Remain Stable During Metastatic Evolution.

Urothelial cancer (UC) care is moving toward precision oncology. For tumor biology-driven treatment of metastatic UC (mUC), molecular subtypes play a crucial role. However, it is not known whether subtypes change during metastatic evolution.

Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen-radioguided Surgery Facilitates Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection During Radical Prostatectomy for the Treatment of Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer with Regional Lymph Node Metastases.

Lymph node metastases (LNMs) are common in intermediate- to high-risk prostate cancer (PC) and may be missed during extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND). Here we report on the use of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-radioguided surgery (RGS) during open radical prostatectomy (RP) with ePLND to resect locoregional LNMs identified on preoperative PSMA positron emission tomography (PET). Preoperative PSMA PET showed 78 LNMs in 35 patients undergoing RP with ePLND and RGS between January 2018 and June 2020.

Spatial Immunephenotypes of Distant Metastases but not Matched Primary Urothelial Carcinomas Predict Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibition.

Background: The value of programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) to predict durable responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) is inconsistent. We hypothesize that the use of archived primary tumor material (PRIM) for PD-L1 testing in clinical trials not properly reflecting the metastatic disease status (MET) contributes to this clinical issue.

Objective: To analyze the predictive and prognostic value of PD-L1, spatial immunephenotypes, and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) determined in patient-matched PRIM/MET.

Positive Predictive Factors for Urogenital Injuries in Severely Injured Patients with Pelvic and Spinal Fractures: Introducing the UPPS Scoring System.

Background and Objectives: Although urogenital injuries are common in severely injured patients, their diagnosis is often delayed. Predicting genitourinary injuries (GUI), especially in the immediate stages post injury, remains a challenge. This study aims to evaluate and determine positive predictive factors for the presence of GUI in polytrauma patients.

Both radiographical and pathological lymph node statuses are independent predictors for survival following neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radical cystectomy for cT3/4 or cN+ bladder cancer.

Introduction: Urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) with clinical suspicion of locally advanced growth or pelvic lymphogenic spread has a high risk of progression and death.

Patients And Methods: Bladder cancer patients with locally advanced (cT3/4) tumor growth or suspected pelvic lymphogenic spread (cN+) were treated with preoperative cisplatin-containing chemotherapy and consolidative cystectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy. We aimed to identify prognostic factors and describe the patients' oncological outcome.

MHC I Expression Predicts Response to Checkpoint Inhibitors in Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma but Lacks Prognostic Value in Localized Disease.

Background: Loss of MHC I expression is a tumoral escape mechanism, part of the process of immunoediting. MHC expression patterns and their prognostic and predictive value have not been studied in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UC) so far.

Objective: To correlate the expression of MHC I and MHC II with prognosis after curative treatment, response to chemotherapy and checkpoint inhibition.

Cohort Study of Oligorecurrent Prostate Cancer Patients: Oncological Outcomes of Patients Treated with Salvage Lymph Node Dissection via Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen-radioguided Surgery.

Background: In a subset of patients with recurrent oligometastatic prostate cancer (PCa) salvage surgery with prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted radioguidance (PSMA-RGS) might be of value.

Objective: To evaluate the oncological outcomes of salvage PSMA-RGS and determine the predictive preoperative factors of improved outcomes.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A cohort study of oligorecurrent PCa patients with biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy and imaging with PSMA positron emission tomography (PET), treated with PSMA-RGS in two tertiary care centers (2014-2020), was conducted.

Validation of F-rhPSMA-7 and F-rhPSMA-7.3 PET Imaging Results with Histopathology from Salvage Surgery in Patients with Biochemical Recurrence of Prostate Cancer.

F-rhPSMA-7, and its single diastereoisomer form, F-rhPSMA-7.3, are prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeting radiopharmaceuticals. Here, we investigated their accuracy for the assessment of lymph node (LN) metastases validated by histopathology.

Multiplex knockout of trichome-regulating MYB duplicates in hybrid poplar using a single gRNA.

As the focus for CRISPR/Cas-edited plants moves from proof-of-concept to real-world applications, precise gene manipulation will increasingly require concurrent multiplex editing for polygenic traits. A common approach for editing across multiple sites is to design one guide RNA (gRNA) per target; however, this complicates construct assembly and increases the possibility of off-target mutations. In this study, we utilized one gRNA to target MYB186, a known positive trichome regulator, as well as its paralogs MYB138 and MYB38 at a consensus site for mutagenesis in hybrid poplar (Populus tremula × P.

Utility of F-rhPSMA-7.3 PET for Imaging of Primary Prostate Cancer and Preoperative Efficacy in N-Staging of Unfavorable Intermediate- to Very High-Risk Patients Validated by Histopathology.

F-rhPSMA-7.3, the lead compound of a new class of radiohybrid prostate-specific membrane antigen (rhPSMA) ligand, is currently in phase III trials for prostate cancer (PCa) imaging. Here, we describe our experience in primary PCa staging.

Evaluation of Pre-operative Biopsy, Surgical Procedures and Oncologic Outcomes in Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma (UTUC).

Discordance between pre-operative biopsy and final pathology for Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma (UTUC) is high and optimal management remains controversial. The aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of pre-operative biopsy, to identify prognostic factors and to evaluate the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on survival and oncologic outcome in UTUC. We analyzed records of patients receiving surgical treatment for UTUC.

Assessment of Clinical and Laboratory Use of the Cutaneous Direct Immunofluorescence Assay.

Importance: Dermatologists submit direct immunofluorescence (DIF) biopsies on a daily basis, using an assay detecting immunoreactant deposition with a panel that has traditionally comprised immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgA, IgM, C3, and fibrin, with or without albumin antibodies.

Objectives: To evaluate and compare the frequency of immunoreactants in DIF biopsies submitted over an 8-year period and assess use by dermatologists based on clinical impression.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A quality improvement study was conducted in a community outreach reference laboratory associated with a large academic medical center.

28-Day oral (gavage) and 13-week (dietary) toxicity studies of DHA canola oil and DHA canola meal in rats.

Omega-3 (ω3) fatty acids are a family of polyunsaturated fats. Two of the ω3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, ω3, 20:5Δ5,8,11,14,17) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, ω3, 22:6Δ4,7,10,13,16,19) are sourced primarily from fish. Higher consumption, limited fishing quotas and other environmental factors (e.

Methylation-Sensitive Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP): Nucleic Acid Methylation Detection through LAMP with Mobile Fluorescence Readout.

The emergence of epigenetic gene regulation and its role in disease have motivated a growing field of epigenetic diagnostics for risk assessment and screening. In particular, irregular cytosine DNA base methylation has been implicated in several diseases, yet the methods for detecting these epigenetic marks are limited to lengthy protocols requiring bulky and costly equipment. We demonstrate a simple workflow for detecting methylated CpG dinucleotides in synthetic and genomic DNA samples using methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme digestion followed by loop-mediated isothermal amplification.