Patterns of recurrence in idiopathic orbital myositis.

Purpose: To characterise patterns of disease recurrence in idiopathic orbital myositis (IOM).

Methods: Multi-centre retrospective longitudinal study of IOM patients. Serial imaging was also analysed.

Idiopathic apical orbital inflammation: clinical features and outcomes.

Background: Idiopathic apical orbital inflammation (AOI) is used to describe inflammation involving the posterior third of the orbit where no specific cause can be identified. It is a rare entity in which the presentation can vary widely. We aim to describe a case series of patients with idiopathic AOI and their clinicoradiological features and visual outcomes.

Periocular manifestations of blepharocheilodontic syndrome and their management: case series and literature review.

Purpose: Blepharocheilodontic (BCD) syndrome is a rare condition with eyelid ectropion, euryblepharon, lagophthalmos, congenital cleft lip/palate, and oligodontia. BCD syndrome is an autosomal dominant inherited disorder and has multiple associations with systemic diseases. We present three new cases of BCD syndrome and a literature review of the periocular manifestations of BCD and their management.

Orbital Myeloma and Plasmacytoma: An Australian Study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide Australian data on the clinical and radiological features and outcomes in patients with orbital plasmacytomas.

Methods: Multicentre retrospective review of orbital plasmacytoma and orbital involvement in multiple myeloma (MM) from 2005 to 2022 in Australia.

Results: Twenty-one participants were identified.

A simplified longitudinal model for the development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Obesity and diabetes are a progressively more and more deleterious hallmark of modern, well fed societies. In order to study the potential impact of strategies designed to obviate the pathological consequences of detrimental lifestyles, a model for the development of Type 2 diabetes geared towards large population simulations would be useful. The present work introduces such a model, representing in simplified fashion the interplay between average glycemia, average insulinemia and functional beta-cell mass, and incorporating the effects of excess food intake or, conversely, of physical activity levels.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Idiopathic Orbital Myositis.

Purpose: To characterize the qualitative and quantitative features of idiopathic orbital myositis (IOM) on MRI.

Methods: This was a multicenter retrospective study of patients with active IOM with MRI. Patients with incomplete clinical records, poor-quality or interval scans without active myositis, and specific orbital myositis (i.

Interrater reliability of photographic assessment of thyroid eye disease using the VISA classification.

Purpose: To determine the interrater reliability (IRR) of thyroid eye disease (TED) photographic assessment using the VISA classification. To assess whether a VISA grading atlas improves ophthalmology trainees' performance in photographic assessment of TED.

Methods: A prospective, partially randomized, international study conducted from September 2021 to May 2022.

Radiologic Features of Well-circumscribed Orbital Tumors With Histopathologic Correlation: A Multi-center Study.

Purpose: To delineate specific imaging characteristics of solitary fibrous tumors, schwannomas, cavernous venous malformations, and well-circumscribed orbital lymphoma.

Methods: Patients undergoing excisional biopsy of solitary fibrous tumor, schwannomas, cavernous venous malformations, or well-circumscribed orbital lymphoma with preoperative MRIs available for review were identified at 3 academic centers in the United States and Australia. An exploratory statistical analysis was performed to identify important radiologic features, which were subsequently included in a random forest model.

Dysthyroid optic neuropathy: a case series at a tertiary ophthalmic referral centre.

Background/objectives: To determine risk factors and treatment outcomes in dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) at a single tertiary ophthalmic centre.

Methods: Retrospective audit of DON patients who have received intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) therapy at Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia from July 2015 to October 2021.

Results: Study included 24 patients (58% female) with an average age of 59.

Ultra rapid lispro (Lyumjev®) shortens time to recovery from hyperglycaemia compared to Humalog® in individuals with type 1 diabetes on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion.

Aims: To compare the time to hyperglycaemia recovery after ultra rapid lispro (URLi; Lyumjev®) versus Humalog in a randomized, double-blind crossover study.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-two adults with type 1 diabetes on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion participated in two periods: each period included hyperglycaemia induced by a missed mealtime bolus (day 1) and by suspension of basal insulin delivery (day 2). When hyperglycaemia [plasma glucose (PG) >240 mg/dl] occurred, a correction bolus of URLi or Humalog was given and time to hyperglycaemia recovery (PG = 140 mg/dl), pharmacokinetics and glucodynamics were compared.

A 20-year multicentre retrospective review of optic nerve sheath fenestration outcomes.

Background: Optic nerve sheath fenestration (ONSF) longitudinal outcomes remain unclear and are vital in the assessment of vision failure in patients with raised intracranial pressure (ICP). Furthermore, limited observational data exists regarding its use in other causes of raised ICP.

Objective: To determine the efficacy and safety of ONSF for idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST), and other indications.

Peripheral Ophthalmic Artery Aneurysm Associated with Multifocal Intracranial and Extracranial Aneurysms: Case Report and Literature Review.

Peripheral ophthalmic artery aneurysm is a rare disease entity. We review the relevant literature and report a case of fusiform aneurysm involving the entire intraorbital ophthalmic artery in association with multiple intracranial and extracranial aneurysms, diagnosed on digital subtraction angiography. The patient suffered irreversible blindness secondary to compressive optic neuropathy which did not improve after a 3-day trial of intravenous methylprednisolone.

Acute periocular haemorrhage associated with severe proptosis as a presenting sign of orbital tumours.

Periocular haemorrhage without a preceding history of trauma, and in the absence of vascular malformations is rare. While acute proptosis is well described in the setting of orbital pathology, accompanying periocular haemorrhage has been rarely reported. We describe three cases with these concomitant presenting signs in orbital malignancies - metastatic small cell bladder carcinoma, haemangiopericytoma (solitary fibrous tumour) and myeloma.

Mirror Therapy for the Management of Phantom Limb Pain: A Single- Center Experience.

Background: Phantom limb pain (PLP) can have devastating consequences, affecting up to 90% of amputees. PLP is associated with analgesia dependence and impaired quality of life. Mirror therapy (MT) is a novel treatment that has been applied in other pain syndromes.

Latency of late preterm steroid administration to delivery and risk of neonatal hypoglycemia.

Background: Late preterm antenatal corticosteroid administration has been associated with an increased risk of neonatal hypoglycemia. The mechanism is thought to be secondary to transient fetal hyperinsulinemia, which may be more likely if delivery occurs during peak antenatal corticosteroid levels.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether there is a latency interval between antenatal corticosteroid administration and delivery that places neonates at the greatest risk of hypoglycemia.

An online breathing and wellbeing programme (ENO Breathe) for people with persistent symptoms following COVID-19: a parallel-group, single-blind, randomised controlled trial.

Background: There are few evidence-based interventions for long COVID; however, holistic approaches supporting recovery are advocated. We assessed whether an online breathing and wellbeing programme improves health related quality-of-life (HRQoL) in people with persisting breathlessness following COVID-19.

Methods: We conducted a parallel-group, single-blind, randomised controlled trial in patients who had been referred from one of 51 UK-based collaborating long COVID clinics.

The use of the paramedian forehead flap alone or in combination with other techniques in the reconstruction of periocular defects and orbital exenterations.

Purpose: The paramedian forehead flap (PMFF) is a reconstructive option for large eyelid defects and orbital exenterations. We report a series of cases where PMFF reconstruction was carried out at various institutions in Australia.

Methods: This study was a multi-centre, retrospective, non-comparative case series investigating the clinical outcomes of the PMFF for reconstructing periocular defects and orbital exenterations.

Orbito-cranial schwannoma-a multicentre experience.

Objectives: To describe the features, management approaches, and outcomes of orbito-cranial schwannomas.

Methods: Retrospective review of ten patients with orbito-cranial schwannomas managed in six orbital services over 22 years. Data collected included demographics, presenting features, neuroimaging characteristics, histology, management approach, complications, and outcomes.

Odontogenic Lemierre's syndrome with septic superior ophthalmic vein and cavernous sinus thrombophlebitis complicated by blindness and ophthalmoplegia.

Lemierre's syndrome is a triad consisting of oropharyngeal infection, internal jugular vein thrombophlebitis, and systemic embolisation typically involving lung and brain. Orbital involvement in this life-threatening condition is rare but potentially blinding and may be an indicator of intracranial involvement. We describe a case of odontogenic Lemierre's syndrome complicated by extensive orbital and intracranial septic venous thrombosis, with optic and cranial neuropathy resulting in monocular blindness and ophthalmoplegia.