Evaluation of universal preenrichment broth and comparison of rapid molecular methods for the detection of Salmonella from spent sprout irrigation water (SSIW).

Sprouts and spent sprout irrigation water (SSIW) present unique challenges for the development of a Salmonella detection method in food matrices. This study aimed to compare universal preenrichment broth (UPB) and lactose broth (LB) as preenrichment media for cultural and rapid screening methods and to compare their abilities to recover Salmonella in SSIW samples from different sprout varieties (i.e.

Multi-laboratory validation study of a real-time PCR method for detection of Salmonella in baby spinach.

The FDA Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) Salmonella culture method takes at least 3 days for a presumptive positive result. The FDA developed a quantitative PCR (qPCR) method to detect Salmonella from 24-h preenriched cultures, using ABI 7500 PCR system. The qPCR method has been evaluated as a rapid screening method for a broad range of foods by single laboratory validation (SLV) studies.

Comparison between qPCR, VIDAS immunoassays, and agar streaking for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes from food and environmental surfaces containing and not containing Listeria innocua.

Comparisons among a qPCR assay, VIDAS® assays and a conventional agar streaking method following the same enrichment for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes were performed under two challenging conditions. In the first comparison, L. innocua and L.

qPCR detection of viable Bacillus cereus group cells in cosmetic products.

Reference methods for microbiological safety assessments of cosmetics rely on culture methods that reveal colonies of live microorganisms on growth media. Rapid molecular technologies, such as qPCR, detects the presence of target DNA in samples from dead and viable cells. DNA intercalating dyes, such as propidium monoazide (PMAxx), are capable of restricting PCR amplification to viable microbial cells.

Genomic characterization of Bacillus cereus sensu stricto 3A ES isolated from eye shadow cosmetic products.

Background: The Bacillus cereus group, also known as B. cereus sensu lato (s.l.

Survey of Salmonella in raw tree nuts at retail in the United States.

The objective of this survey was to estimate the prevalence, contamination level, and genetic diversity of Salmonella in selected raw, shelled tree nuts (Brazil nuts, cashews, hazelnuts, macadamia nuts, pecans, pine nuts, pistachios, and walnuts) at retail markets in the United States. A total of 3,374 samples of eight tree nuts were collected from different types of retail stores and markets nationwide between September 2015 and March 2017. These samples (375 g) were analyzed using a modified FDA's BAM Salmonella culture method.

Comparison of Different Culture Methods for the Detection of Bacillus cereus Group in Cosmetics.

Background: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) reference culture method uses Modified Letheen Broth (MLB) for microbiological analyses for all types of cosmetic products.

Comparison of three neutralizing broths for environmental sampling of low levels of Listeria monocytogenes desiccated on stainless steel surfaces and exposed to quaternary ammonium compounds.

Background: An effective environmental sampling method involves the use of a transport/neutralizing broth with the ability to neutralize sanitizer residues that are collected during sampling and to maintain viability of stressed Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) cells.

Results: We applied Lm onto stainless steel surfaces and then subjected Lm to desiccation stress for 16-18 h at room temperature (RT, 21-24 °C). This was followed by the subsequent application of Whisper™ V, a quaternary ammonium compound (QAC)-based sanitizer, diluted to 400 ppm and 8000 ppm of active quat, for 6 h.

Survival of a serotype 4b strain and a serotype 1/2a strain of Listeria monocytogenes, isolated from a stone fruit outbreak investigation, on whole stone fruit at 4 °C.

In the summer of 2014, a multistate outbreak of listeriosis associated with contaminated stone fruit (peach and nectarine) was reported. A serotype 4b variant Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) strain of singleton Sequence Type (ST) 382 was isolated from clinical samples and stone fruit associated with the outbreak. A serotype 1/2b Lm strain of ST5, Clonal Complex 5 was isolated only from outbreak-associated stone fruit, not from clinical samples.

Comparison of TEMPO BC with Spiral Plating Methods for the Enumeration of in Cosmetic Products Either Naturally Preserved or Preserved with Phenoxyethanol.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) (BAM) uses rapid agar (BACARA) and Mannitol-yolk-polymyxin (MYP) agar for the enumeration of the members of group.

Evaluation of the TRANSIA PLATE Staphylococcal Enterotoxins Kit for the Detection of Enterotoxins in Selected Foods.

The TRANSIA PLATE Staphylococcal Enterotoxins enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was validated according to AOAC INTERNATIONAL guidelines for validating qualitative binary chemistry and microbiological methods. Five food matrixes were analyzed to determine the probability of detection (POD) for staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE), including SEA, SEB, SEC, SEC₂, SEC₃, SED, and SEE, by the TRANSIA ^{PLATE Staphylococcal Enterotoxins EIA. The food matrixes tested were food types implicated in staphylococcal enterotoxin outbreaks and included raw milk cheese, liquid infant formula, eclairs, ready-to-eat ham, and canned mushrooms.}

Construction of stable fluorescent laboratory control strains for several food safety relevant Enterobacteriaceae.

Using naturally-occurring bacterial strains as positive controls in testing protocols is typically feared due to the risk of cross-contaminating samples. We have developed a collection of strains which express Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) at high-level, permitting rapid screening of the following species on selective or non-selective plates: Escherichia coli O157:H7, Shigella sonnei, S. flexneri, Salmonella enterica subsp.

Botulinum Neurotoxin Detection Methods for Public Health Response and Surveillance.

Botulism outbreak due to consumption of food contaminated with botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) is a public health emergency. The threat of bioterrorism through deliberate distribution in food sources and/or aerosolization of BoNTs raises global public health and security concerns due to the potential for high mortality and morbidity. Rapid and reliable detection methods are necessary to support clinical diagnosis and surveillance for identifying the source of contamination, performing epidemiological analysis of the outbreak, preventing and responding to botulism outbreaks.

Closed Genome Sequence of Clostridium botulinum Strain CFSAN064329 (62A).

is a strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium that produces botulinum neurotoxin, a potent and deadly proteinaceous exotoxin. strain CFSAN064329 (62A) produces an A1 serotype/subtype botulinum neurotoxin and is frequently utilized in food challenge and detection studies. We report here the closed genome sequence of strain CFSAN064329 (62A).

Survey of Foodborne Pathogens, Aerobic Plate Counts, Total Coliform Counts, and Escherichia coli Counts in Leafy Greens, Sprouts, and Melons Marketed in the United States.

The objective of this research was to assess the microbiological status of leafy greens, sprouts, and melons from U.S. markets.

Closed Genome Sequence of Strain CTM/ATCC BAA-1782, a Gram-Negative Bacterium with Clostridial Neurotoxin-Like Coding Sequences.

Clostridial neurotoxins, including botulinum and tetanus neurotoxins, are among the deadliest known bacterial toxins. Until recently, the horizontal mobility of this toxin gene family appeared to be limited to the genus We report here the closed genome sequence of , a Gram-negative bacterium containing coding sequences with homology to clostridial neurotoxin family proteins.

Validation of a Salmonella loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay in animal food.

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has emerged as a promising alternative to PCR for pathogen detection in food testing and clinical diagnostics. This study aimed to validate a Salmonella LAMP method run on both turbidimetry (LAMP I) and fluorescence (LAMP II) platforms in representative animal food commodities. The U.

Prevalence of Salmonella in 11 Spices Offered for Sale from Retail Establishments and in Imported Shipments Offered for Entry to the United States.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration conducted a survey to evaluate Salmonella prevalence and aerobic plate counts in packaged (dried) spices offered for sale at retail establishments in the United States.

Internalization of Listeria monocytogenes in cantaloupes during dump tank washing and hydrocooling.

Recent listeriosis outbreaks and recalls associated with cantaloupes urge for studies to understand the mechanisms of cantaloupe contamination by Listeria monocytogenes. Postharvest practices such as washing and hydrocooling were suggested to facilitate the contamination of fresh fruits by human pathogens. This study assessed the potential of L.

Whole Genome and Core Genome Multilocus Sequence Typing and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Analyses of Listeria monocytogenes Isolates Associated with an Outbreak Linked to Cheese, United States, 2013.

Epidemiological findings of a listeriosis outbreak in 2013 implicated Hispanic-style cheese produced by company A, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and whole genome sequencing (WGS) were performed on clinical isolates and representative isolates collected from company A cheese and environmental samples during the investigation. The results strengthened the evidence for cheese as the vehicle. Surveillance sampling and WGS 3 months later revealed that the equipment purchased by company B from company A yielded an environmental isolate highly similar to all outbreak isolates.

Evaluation of Three Real-Time PCR Methods for Detection of Salmonella from Cloves.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate three real-time PCR platforms for rapid detection of Salmonella from cloves and to compare three different DNA extraction methods. Six trials were conducted with two clove cultivars, Ceylon and Madagascar, and three Salmonella serotypes, Montevideo, Typhimurium, and Weltevreden. Each trial consisted of 20 test portions.