The effect of curve running on distal limb kinematics in the Thoroughbred racehorse.

During racing, injury is more likely to occur on a bend than on a straight segment of track. This study aimed to quantify the effects of galloping at training speeds on large radius curves on stride parameters and limb lean angle in order to assess estimated consequences for limb loading. Seven Thoroughbred horses were equipped with a sacrum-mounted inertial measurement unit with an integrated GPS, two hoof-mounted accelerometers and retro-reflective markers on the forelimbs.

Assessment of clinical and computed tomographic findings for association with the outcome of intraoral cheek tooth extraction in horses and ponies.

Objective: To describe clinical and CT findings for horses and ponies undergoing intraoral cheek tooth extraction and assess potential associations between these features and outcome of the procedure.

Animals: 74 horses and 7 ponies.

Procedures: Medical records were searched to identify horses and ponies that underwent CT and intraoral extraction of ≥ 1 cheek tooth with standing sedation.

The Effect of Training on Stride Duration in a Cohort of Two-Year-Old and Three-Year-Old Thoroughbred Racehorses.

Objective gait monitoring is increasingly accessible to trainers. A more comprehensive understanding of 'normal' gait adaptations is required. Forty two-year-old thoroughbred racehorses were recruited when entering training and followed for 22 months.

IMAGING DIAGNOSIS-IDIOPATHIC HYOID MALFORMATION IN AN 8-YEAR-OLD WELSH SECTION D HORSE.

An 8-year-old gelding was evaluated for intermittent dorsal displacement of the soft palate (DDSP) at exercise. Standing laterolateral radiographs demonstrated an abnormal crossed appearance of the stylohyoid bones. Computed tomography (CT) confirmed abnormal positioning of the left stylohyoid bone and articulations with both the left thyrohyoid and ceratohyoid bones.

Speed of Dog Adoption: Impact of Online Photo Traits.

The Internet has radically changed how dogs are advertised for adoption in the United States. This study was used to investigate how different characteristics in dogs' photos presented online affected the speed of their adoptions, as a proof of concept to encourage more research in this field. The study analyzed the 1st images of 468 adopted young and adult black dogs identified as Labrador Retriever mixed breeds across the United States.

Use of a hand-assisted laparoscopic surgical technique for closure of an extensive mesojejunal rent in a horse.

Case Description: A 7-year-old 573-kg (1,261 -lb) Swiss Warmblood gelding was evaluated because of signs of acute abdominal pain.

Clinical Findings: Physical examination revealed a markedly distended abdomen with subjectively reduced borborygmi in all abdominal quadrants. A large, gas-distended viscus was present at the pelvic brim preventing complete palpation of the abdomen per rectum.

Accuracy and precision of hind limb foot contact timings of horses determined using a pelvis-mounted inertial measurement unit.

Gait analysis using small sensor units is becoming increasingly popular in the clinical context. In order to segment continuous movement from a defined point of the stride cycle, knowledge about footfall timings is essential. We evaluated the accuracy and precision of foot contact timings of a defined limb determined using an inertial sensor mounted on the pelvis of ten horses during walk and trot at different speeds and in different directions.

Intralesional injection of insulin-like growth factor-I for treatment of superficial digital flexor tendonitis in Thoroughbred racehorses: 40 cases (2000-2004).

OBJECTIVE-To evaluate outcome after intralesional injection of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) for treatment of superficial digital flexor (SDF) tendonitis in Thoroughbred racehorses. DESIGN-Retrospective case series. ANIMALS-40 Thoroughbred racehorses.

A transducer for measuring force on surgical sutures.

The objective of this study was to validate, both in vitro and in an ex vivo model, a technique for the measurement of forces exerted on surgical sutures. For this purpose, a stainless steel E-type buckle force transducer was designed and constructed. A strain gauge was mounted on the central beam of the transducer to measure transducer deformation.

The complex role of veterinary clinical teachers: how is their role perceived and what is expected of them?

The purpose of this study was to identify personal attributes in veterinary clinical teachers that are valued most by members of their work environment (fellow faculty, clinical training scholars [CTS; residents], undergraduate students, and referring veterinary surgeons) and to determine whether the opinions of these subgroups differed. Faculty (n=50), CTS (n=35), students (n=200), and referring veterinary surgeons (n=25) were presented with a list of 15 potentially desirable attributes. Respondents were asked to rank the three most important and the three least important attributes of effective clinical teachers.

Equine laryngoplasty sutures undergo increased loading during coughing and swallowing.

Objectives: To report (1) the force required on a single laryngoplasty suture to achieve optimal abduction of the left arytenoid cartilage, (2) peak forces experienced by the suture during induced swallowing and coughing, and during 24-hour resting activity in a stall, and (3) peak forces during induced swallowing and coughing after left recurrent laryngeal nerve blockade.

Study Design: Experimental study.

Animals: Horses (n=8).

In vitro model for testing novel implants for equine laryngoplasty.

Objective: To develop an in vitro laryngeal model to mimic airflow and pressures experienced by horses at maximal exercise with which to test laryngoplasty techniques.

Study Design: Randomized complete block.

Sample Population: Cadaveric equine larynges (n=10).

Gene therapy in musculoskeletal repair.

Local and regional gene therapy has improved healing in preclinical trials of articular and other muculoskeletal conditions. Combinations of cell supplementation and cells overexpressing growth factor genes have shown promising results for improving cartilage repair, enhancing delayed union of fractures, and driving organized tendon repair. Proof of concept has been developed using viral vectors, predominantly adenovirus, to deliver growth factor genes, such as BMP-2, TGF-beta1, and IGF-I.

Centre of mass movement and mechanical energy fluctuation during gallop locomotion in the Thoroughbred racehorse.

During locomotion cyclical interchange between different forms of mechanical energy enhances economy; however, 100% efficiency cannot be achieved and ultimately some mechanical work must be performed de novo. There is a metabolic cost associated with fluctuations in mechanical energy, even in the most efficient animals. In this study we investigate the exchanges between different forms of mechanical energy involved in high-speed gallop locomotion in Thoroughbred race horses during over-ground locomotion using innovative, mobile data collection techniques.

A method for deriving displacement data during cyclical movement using an inertial sensor.

Biomechanical studies often employ optical motion capture systems for the determination of the position of an object in a room-based coordinate system. This is not ideal for many types of study in locomotion since only a few strides may be collected per ;trial', and outdoor experiments are difficult with some systems. Here, we report and evaluate a novel approach that enables the user to determine linear displacements of a proprietary orientation sensor during cyclical movement.