Effects of Lung Ultrasound Technique and Pleural Line Depth on In Vitro and In Vivo Measurements of Pleural Line Thickness.

Objective: The aim of the work described here was to determine the effects of imaging protocol, technique and pleural line depth on measured pleural line thickness (PLT).

Methods: Sonograms were performed on a phantom and healthy volunteers. In vitro, pleural line depth, transducer type (5-1 MHz phased array vs.

Discordance Between Invasive and NonInvasive Oxygen Saturation in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients.

Objectives: To investigate discordance in oxy-hemoglobin saturation measured both by pulse oximetry (SpO) and arterial blood gas (ABG, SaO) among critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19(+)) patients compared to COVID-19(-) patients.

Methods: Paired SpO and SaO readings were collected retrospectively from consecutive adult admissions to four critical care units in the United States between March and May 2020. The primary outcome was the rate of discordance (|SaO-SpO|>4%) in COVID-19(+) versus COVID-19(-) patients.

Inhibition of the JAK/STAT Pathway Protects Against α-Synuclein-Induced Neuroinflammation and Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration.

Unlabelled: Parkinson's Disease (PD) is an age-related, chronic neurodegenerative disorder. At present, there are no disease-modifying therapies to prevent PD progression. Activated microglia and neuroinflammation are associated with the pathogenesis and progression of PD.

Signal transducer and activator of transcription-3/suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (STAT3/SOCS3) axis in myeloid cells regulates neuroinflammation.

Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins are feedback inhibitors of the JAK/STAT pathway. SOCS3 has a crucial role in inhibiting STAT3 activation, cytokine signaling, and inflammatory gene expression in macrophages/microglia. To determine the role of SOCS3 in myeloid cells in neuroinflammation, mice with conditional SOCS3 deletion in myeloid cells (LysMCre-SOCS3(fl/fl)) were tested for experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).

Sperm transfer and reproductive biology in species of hermaphroditic bivalves (Galeommatoidea: Montacutidae).

The histology of the reproductive organs is studied in the protandric hermaphroditic Tellimya ferruginosa. In NW Europe the species reproduces from May through August. Sperm transfer takes place when mature testis follicles are transplanted to the gills or walls of the mantle cavity in recipient hermaphroditic or female bivalves.