Analysis of Social Mission Commitment at Dental, Medical, and Nursing Schools in the US.

Importance: The COVID-19 pandemic and calls for racial justice have highlighted the need for schools to promote social mission. Measuring social mission engagement and performance in health professions education may encourage institutional efforts to advance health equity and social justice commitments.

Objective: To describe the current state of social mission commitment within dental, medical, and nursing schools in the US and to examine how social mission performance compares across school types.

Exploring Perceptions of Shift Length: A State-Based Survey of Registered Nurses.

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore clinical nurses' perspectives of shift length.

Background: Discussions about scheduling practices, work rotations, and shift length are pervasive among nurses and nursing leadership. However, the science surrounding nurse perceptions of longer shifts is limited.

Social Mission Metrics: Developing a Survey to Guide Health Professions Schools.

The social mission, which is focused on advancing social justice and health equity, has gained recognition as an important aspect of health professions education. However, there is currently no established method to measure a school's commitment to these activities. In this Perspective, the authors describe the development of a new tool to measure the social mission at dental, medical, and nursing schools across the United States, and they reflect on the implications of using this tool to deepen discussions around the social mission and strengthen progress toward health equity.

Midlife Study of the Louisville Twins: Connecting Cognitive Development to Biological and Cognitive Aging.

The Louisville Twin Study (LTS) began in 1958 and became a premier longitudinal twin study of cognitive development. The LTS continuously collected data from twins through 2000 after which the study closed indefinitely due to lack of funding. Now that the majority of the sample is age 40 or older (61.

[Formula: see text]Survey research in neuropsychology: A systematic review.

This systematic review paper summarizes the research in neuropsychology using survey methodology, tallies key design features of published survey studies, and evaluates the degree to which the survey methods are disclosed in these publications. We conducted a systematic review of neuropsychological studies that used survey methodology using PRISMA guidelines. We rated 89 surveys on the American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR) required disclosure items and quality indicators.

[Formula: see text]Survey methods for neuropsychologists: A review of typical methodological pitfalls and suggested solutions.

: Survey research has enjoyed an increase in popularity, in part due to the availability of user-friendly software programs for online survey development and deployment. Neuropsychologists often use this methodology to learn about common clinical practices and attitudes in the field or to assess outcomes for patients. This paper aims to provide an overview of sound methods and common problems in survey research, along with specific recommendations for neuropsychologists wishing to conduct their own surveys or judge the quality of survey research.

Tailored Educational Approaches for Consumer Health: A Model to Address Health Promotion in an Era of Personalized Medicine.

Purpose: To develop a model, based on market segmentation, to improve the quality and efficiency of health promotion materials and programs.

Design: Market segmentation to create segments (groups) based on a cross-sectional questionnaire measuring individual characteristics and preferences for health information. Educational and delivery recommendations developed for each group.

From loquacious to reticent: understanding patient health information communication to guide consumer health IT design.

Background And Significance: It is increasingly recognized that some patients self-manage in the context of social networks rather than alone. Consumer health information technology (IT) designed to support socially embedded self-management must be responsive to patients' everyday communication practices. There is an opportunity to improve consumer health IT design by explicating how patients currently leverage social media to support health information communication.

What Do Women Know About Breast Density? Results From a Population Survey of Virginia Women.

Purpose: Breast density reduces the sensitivity of mammography and is a moderate independent risk factor for breast cancer. Virginia is one of 24 states that currently require notification of patients when they have dense breasts. However, little is known about what women in the general population know about breast density.

When are clinical trials beneficial for study patients and future patients? A factorial vignette-based survey of institutional review board members.

Objective: The ethicists believe that the goal of clinical research is to benefit future and not current (trial) patients. Many clinicians believe that the clinical trial enrolment offers best management for their patients. The objective of our study was to identify the situations when a clinical trial is beneficial for the patients enrolled in the trial and future patients.

Mechanisms of Communicating Health Information Through Facebook: Implications for Consumer Health Information Technology Design.

Background: Consumer health information technology (IT) solutions are designed to support patient health management and have the ability to facilitate patients' health information communication with their social networks. However, there is a need for consumer health IT solutions to align with patients' health management preferences for increased adoption of the technology. It may be possible to gain an understanding of patients' needs for consumer health IT supporting their health information communication with social networks by explicating how they have adopted and adapted social networking sites, such as Facebook, for this purpose.

Those Responsible for Approving Research Studies Have Poor Knowledge of Research Study Design: a Knowledge Assessment of Institutional Review Board Members.

Background: Institutional Review Board (IRB) members have a duty to protect the integrity of the research process, but little is known about their basic knowledge of clinical research study designs.

Methods: A nationwide sample of IRB members from major US research universities completed a web-based questionnaire consisting of 11 questions focusing on basic knowledge about clinical research study designs. It included questions about randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and other observational research study designs.

Beyond traditional advertisements: leveraging Facebook's social structures for research recruitment.

Background: Obtaining access to a demographically and geographically diverse sample for health-related research can be costly and time consuming. Previous studies have reported mixed results regarding the potential of using social media-based advertisements to overcome these challenges.

Objective: Our aim was to develop and assess the feasibility, benefits, and challenges of recruiting for research studies related to consumer health information technology (IT) by leveraging the social structures embedded in the social networking platform, Facebook.

Relationship of adverse events and support to RN burnout.

Registered nurse (RN) "second victims" are RNs who are harmed from their involvement in medical errors. This study used the conceptual model nurse experience of medical errors and found a relationship between RN involvement in preventable adverse events and 2 domains of burnout: emotional exhaustion (P = .009) and depersonalization (P = .

Uncertainty about effects is a key factor influencing institutional review boards' approval of clinical studies.

Purpose: To investigate factors, which influence institutional review boards' (IRBs') decision to approve or not approve clinical studies, a nationwide vignette-based online survey of IRB members was conducted.

Methods: A factorial design was used, whereby seven aspects of each hypothetical study were randomly varied in 15 phrases in each vignette to produce unique vignettes. Participants indicated the degree of study approval and described factors influencing approval decision.

Estimating pediatric surgical need in developing countries: a household survey in Rwanda.

Purpose: Surgical services for children are often absent in resource-limited settings. Identifying the prevalence of surgical disease at the community level is important for developing evidence-based pediatric surgical services and training. We hypothesize that the untreated surgical conditions in the pediatric population are largely uncharacterized and that such burden is significant and poorly understood.

Injury, disability and access to care in Rwanda: results of a nationwide cross-sectional population study.

Background: Disparities in access to quality injury care are a growing concern worldwide, with over 90 % of global injury-related morbidity and mortality occurring in low-income countries. We describe the use of a survey tool that evaluates the prevalence of surgical conditions at the population level, with a focus on the burden of traumatic injuries, subsequent disabilities, and barriers to injury care in Rwanda.

Methods: The Surgeons OverSeas Assessment of Surgical Need (SOSAS) tool is a cross-sectional, cluster-based population survey designed to measure conditions that may necessitate surgical consultation or intervention.

Estimating operative disease prevalence in a low-income country: results of a nationwide population survey in Rwanda.

Background: Operative disease is estimated to contribute to 11% of the global burden of disease, but no studies have correlated this figure to operative burden at the community level. We describe a survey tool that evaluates population-based prevalence of operative conditions and its first full-country implementation in Rwanda.

Methods: The Surgeons OverSeas Assessment of Surgical Need (SOSAS) survey tool is a cross-sectional, cluster-based population survey designed to measure conditions that may necessitate an operative consultation or intervention.

Understanding and managing disaster evacuation on a transportation network.

Uncertain population behaviors in a regional emergency could potentially harm the performance of the region's transportation system and subsequent evacuation effort. The integration of behavioral survey data with travel demand modeling enables an assessment of transportation system performance and the identification of operational and public health countermeasures. This paper analyzes transportation system demand and system performance for emergency management in three disaster scenarios.

Population behavioral scenarios influencing radiological disaster preparedness and planning.

Considerable attention is focused on plans for sheltering or evacuating the population of the US national capital region in response to a regional emergency such as a terrorist attack or natural disaster. Such planning engages multiple disciplines spanning infrastructure engineering, emergency management, health care, mass communication, water and food supply, logistics, and others. Knowledge of population behaviors should influence the many dimensions of protection, prevention, response, and recovery.

Pilot testing of a population-based surgical survey tool in Sierra Leone.

Background: The prevalence of surgical diseases in low income countries is thought to be very large, but to date no population-based survey has documented the need. The Surgeons OverSeas Assessment of Surgical Need (SOSAS) is a survey tool programmed for use with iPads to measure the prevalence of surgical conditions.

Methods: To assess the appropriateness and utility of SOSAS, a pilot test was undertaken in Sierra Leone.

Human papillomavirus vaccination recommendation may be linked to reimbursement: a survey of Virginia family practitioners and gynecologists.

Objective: Concerns have been raised about gynecologists as vaccinators. This survey evaluated use of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, attitudes, and barriers among gynecologists and family practitioners for differences between the 2 specialties.

Design: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a 50-item, self-administered questionnaire mailed to participants.

An opinion and practice survey on the structure and management of data and safety monitoring boards.

There is little to no empirical data available on how data and safety monitoring boards (DSMBs) are structured and how they operate. The purpose of this study was to provide data on this. To accomplish this goal, we administered a random survey on current structure and management practices and opinions as reported by principal investigators (PIs) and biostatisticians.

Health disparities between Appalachian and non-Appalachian counties in Virginia USA.

Unlabelled: The examination of health disparities among people within Appalachian counties compared to people living in other counties is needed to find ways to strategically target improvements in community health in the United States of America (USA).

Methods: A telephone survey of a random sample of adults living in households within communities of all counties of the state of Virginia (VA) in the USA was conducted.

Findings: Health status was poorer among those in communities within Appalachian counties in VA and health insurance did not make a difference.