Weight management counseling experiences of first year medical students before starting medical school and their self-perceived impact on treating patients with obesity.

Physicians can play a vital role in counseling patients on overweight and obesity. This secondary analysis examined whether experiences in patient care specific to weight management before starting medical school were associated with students' intentions and confidence to provide weight management counseling (WMC) to patients who have overweight or obesity, and perceived impact as future physicians on patients' motivation to manage weight. First-year medical students (n = 1305) in the entering class of 2020 at eight medical schools nationwide completed questions relating to their prior experiences in patient care and WMC using the 5As.

Sustainable and replicable clinical and financial outcomes in an interprofessional education and collaborative practice nexus.

Our Interprofessional Education and Collaborative Practice (IPECP) Nexus previously reported significant reductions in Emergency Department (ED) visits, hospitalizations, hemoglobin A1c levels, and patient charges. This study examines sustainability of these results over two additional years and replication in two subsequent independent patient cohorts. Participants in the sustainability cohort ( = 276) met ≥1 of the following criteria: (a) ≥3 ED visits in first or second half of the year, (b) hemoglobin A1c level ≥ 9, or (c) Length of Stay, Acuity, Comorbidities, and ER (Emergency Room) Visits (LACE) score ≥ 10.

Creation of a primary care academic collaborative nexus: enabling and interfering factors.

With a renewed commitment to interprofessional education and collaborative practice, academic institutions and health care systems are collaborating to provide quality health care education and service delivery. This kind of partnership integrates interprofessional education with clinical practice redesign and strives to create "collaboration ready" graduates in clinical learning environments. In this reflective case analysis, we describe the intentional commitment and collaboration between an academic institution and a clinical health system in the U.

Dialing back opioids for chronic pain one conversation at a time.

In this study, significant opioid tapering was achieved following frank discussions and the use of a tapering protocol. And patient-physician relationships weren't jeopardized.

Design and rationale of the medical students learning weight management counseling skills (MSWeight) group randomized controlled trial.

Physicians have an important role addressing the obesity epidemic. Lack of adequate teaching to provide weight management counseling (WMC) is cited as a reason for limited treatment. National guidelines have not been translated into an evidence-supported, competency-based curriculum in medical schools.

Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test: Normative Reference Values for Ages 20 to 59 Years and Relationships With Physical and Mental Health Risk Factors.

Purpose: The Timed Up and Go (TUG) test is a reliable, cost-effective, safe, and time-efficient way to evaluate overall functional mobility. However, the TUG does not have normative reference values (NRV) for individuals younger than 60 years. The purpose of this study was to establish NRV for the TUG for individuals aged between 20 and 59 years and to examine the relationship between the TUG and demographic, physical, and mental health risk factors.

Anxiety and depression: Easing the burden in COPD patients.

Anxiety and depression are common comorbidities of COPD. The simple evaluation tools and therapy options described here can help improve patients' quality of life.

A brief primary care intervention to reduce fear of movement in chronic low back pain patients.

Fear avoidance model of chronic pain-based interventions are effective, but have not been successfully implemented into primary care. It was hypothesized that speed walking times and key measures of the fear avoidance model would improve following the brief intervention delivered in primary care. A brief primary care-based intervention (PCB) that included a single educational session, speed walking (an in vivo desensitization exposure task), and visual performance feedback was designed to reduce fear avoidance beliefs and improve function in 4 patients with chronic low back pain.

Obesity bias in primary care providers.

Background And Objectives: At the forefront of the obesity epidemic, obesity bias is an under-recognized and widely prevalent barrier to optimal care of the obese patient, even among primary care professionals. Recommendations for the reduction of obesity bias include increasing provider awareness about the complex etiology of obesity and the difficulties obtaining sustainable weight loss.

Methods: Obesity bias was measured in primary care professionals (n=233) participating in a continuing education program, using the Anti-Fat Attitudes Questionnaire (AFAQ).

Relationship between acceptance of illness and functional outcomes following cardiac rehabilitation.

Purpose: Acceptance, a cognitive-behavioral concept successfully applied to chronic pain and chronic illness in an HIV/AIDS population, was examined for applicability in patients in a cardiac rehabilitation program. The study examined the internal reliability of the Activities Engagement (AE) and Illness Willingness (IW) scales of the Chronic Illness Acceptance Questionnaire (CIAQ), their relationships with functional outcomes, and their ability to predict functional outcomes after controlling for demographic and medical variables.

Methods: Subjects were 36 patients recruited from a cardiac rehabilitation program at an urban Midwestern Medical Center.

Relationship between acceptance of HIV/AIDS and functional outcomes assessed in a primary care setting.

Acceptance, a third wave cognitive-behavioral concept originally developed for chronic pain patients, was applied to acceptance of chronic illness in an HIV/AIDS population. This study examined the internal reliability of two scales of the chronic illness acceptance questionnaire (CIAQ) called activities engagement (AE), and illness willingness (IW), their relationships with functional outcomes, and their ability to predict functional outcomes after controlling for demographic and medical variables. Sixty-nine HIV-positive persons served as subjects while attending a routine visit at an urban Midwestern US Family Medicine clinic.

The influence of linoleic and linolenic acid on the activity and intracellular localisation of phospholipase D in COS-1 cells.

Phospholipase D (PLD) is a receptor-regulated signalling enzyme involved in biological functions, such as exocytosis, phagocytosis, actin dynamics, membrane trafficking, and is considered to be essential for stimulated degranulation of cells. The purpose of our investigation was to examine how the fatty acid pattern of cellular membranes influences the activities and cellular distribution of the PLD1 and PLD2 isoforms. Expression of GFP-tagged PLD1 and PLD2 in COS-1 cells that were stimulated with mastoparan after cultivation in 20 micromol linoleic (C18:2n6) or linolenic (C18:3n3) acid for 4 d demonstrated that PLD1 dramatically alters its cellular distribution and is redistributed from intracellular vesicles to the cell surface.

Attributions regarding unmet treatment goals after interdisciplinary chronic pain rehabilitation.

Background: The goal violation effect (GVE), a component of the relapse process model, occurs when patients make internal, stable, global, and uncontrollable rather than external, unstable, specific, and controllable attributions about the causes for unmet goals. GVE consistent attributions lead to guilt and self-blame, reduced self-efficacy, and greater probability that a lapse will lead to a full-blown relapse.

Objectives: To determine if chronic pain patients make attributions regarding the causes of unmet goals consistent with the GVE and to determine differences for the GVE and the individual attributions making up the GVE among unmet coping skills, medication, exercise, social, and work goals.

Medical student beliefs: spirituality's relationship to health and place in the medical school curriculum.

The relationship between spirituality and health is receiving increased attention; consequently medical schools have begun asking how and in what manner these issues should be addressed in medical education. Unfortunately, student beliefs concerning spirituality and health have not been adequately assessed. This study examined medical student beliefs regarding the relationship between spirituality and health and the level of instruction spirituality should receive in the curriculum.

Erythrocyte and plasma fatty acid patterns in dogs with atopic dermatitis and healthy dogs in the same household.

Recent studies have indicated that dogs with canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) may have a disorder of fatty acid metabolism: possibly low or absent activity of delta6-desaturase or delta5-desaturase, or both. To clarify this possibility, we examined the erythrocyte and plasma fatty acid patterns of 8 dogs with CAD and their 8 healthy housemates. Atopic dermatitis was diagnosed according to the criteria proposed by Willemse; other causes of dermatitis were excluded clinically and by appropriate tests.

Depression and congestive heart failure.

The prevalence rates of depression in congestive heart failure patients range from 24%-42%. Depression is a graded, independent risk factor for readmission to the hospital, functional decline, and mortality in patients with congestive heart failure. Physicians can assess depression by using the SIG E CAPS + mood mnemonic, or any of a number of easily administered and scored self-report inventories.

Multidisciplinary pain center follow-up study: evaluation with a no-treatment control group.

The long-term efficacy of a multidisciplinary pain management center was evaluated by comparing 20 treated patients with 20 no-treatment control patients who met the program's entrance criteria, wanted to participate, but could not because they did not have insurance coverage. At 1-5 years follow-up, 60% of the treated patients met all of the criteria for success established by Roberts and Reinhardt, while none of the untreated patients did so. Treated patients reported less interference with activities, more uptime, lower pain levels, less depression, and fewer hospitalizations than untreated patients.