Application of sebomics for the analysis of residual skin surface components to detect potential biomarkers of type-1 diabetes mellitus.

Metabolic imbalance in chronic diseases such as type-1 diabetes may lead to detectable perturbations in the molecular composition of residual skin surface components (RSSC). This study compared the accumulation rate and the composition of RSSC in type-1 diabetic patients with those in matched controls in order to identify potential biomarkers of the disease. Samples of RSSC were collected from the foreheads of type-1 diabetic (n = 55) and non-diabetic (n = 58) volunteers.

An Essential Physiological Role for MCT8 in Bone in Male Mice.

T3 is an important regulator of skeletal development and adult bone maintenance. Thyroid hormone action requires efficient transport of T4 and T3 into target cells. We hypothesized that monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) 8, encoded by Mct8 on the X-chromosome, is an essential thyroid hormone transporter in bone.

Lesson of the month 2: Non-uraemic calciphylaxis - an unexpected differential diagnosis for a necrotic ulcer.

Calciphylaxis is an uncommon cause of skin necrosis seen almost exclusively in patients with end-stage renal disease. We present an unexpected diagnosis of calciphylaxis in a patient with normal renal and parathyroid function. The patient presented with a month-long history of painful bilateral necrotic leg ulcers, resistant to conventional treatment.

Optimal bone strength and mineralization requires the type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase in osteoblasts.

Hypothyroidism and thyrotoxicosis are each associated with an increased risk of fracture. Although thyroxine (T4) is the predominant circulating thyroid hormone, target cell responses are determined by local intracellular availability of the active hormone 3,5,3'-L-triiodothyronine (T3), which is generated from T4 by the type 2 deiodinase enzyme (D2). To investigate the role of locally produced T3 in bone, we characterized mice deficient in D2 (D2KO) in which the serum T3 level is normal.