Neuropsychiatric adverse events in tenofovir disoproxil fumarate- and tenofovir alafenamide-based HIV therapy and prophylaxis: a systematic review and meta‑analysis.

Introduction: Tenofovir is integral to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and pre‑exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV; however, neuropsychiatric adverse events (NPAEs) associated with its use have not been systematically investigated.

Objectives: This systematic review aimed to characterize common NPAEs occurring during tenofovir‑based ART and PrEP, and to assess the specific role of tenofovir in their emergence.

Patients And Methods: Four literature databases and 3 trial registries were searched up to December 31, 2023 for randomized controlled trials reporting NPAEs in treatment‑naive adults receiving tenofovir‑based ART or PrEP.

Cognitive functioning associated with acute and subacute effects of classic psychedelics and MDMA - a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Classic psychedelics and MDMA have a colorful history of recreational use, and both have recently been re-evaluated as tools for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Several studies have been carried out to assess potential long-term effects of a regular use on cognition, delivering distinct results for psychedelics and MDMA. However, to date knowledge is scarce on cognitive performance during acute effects of those substances.

Psychiatric Adverse Events of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors in Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Dementia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: The acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine are commonly used in the management of various forms of dementia.

Objectives: While these drugs are known to induce classic cholinergic adverse events such as diarrhea, their potential to cause psychiatric adverse events has yet to be thoroughly examined.

Methods: We sought to determine the risk of psychiatric adverse events associated with the use of AChEIs through a systematic review and meta-analysis of double-blind randomized controlled trials involving patients with Alzheimer's dementia and Parkinson's dementia.

Therapeutic Reference Range for Olanzapine in Schizophrenia: Systematic Review on Blood Concentrations, Clinical Effects, and Dopamine Receptor Occupancy.

Aiming at revising the therapeutic reference range for olanzapine, the present study highlights the association between blood olanzapine levels, clinical effects, and dopamine D-receptor occupancy for oral and long-acting injectable (LAI) formulations. Databases were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and uncontrolled trials concerning blood olanzapine levels in relation to clinical outcomes or D-receptor occupancy using MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library (March 2021, updated in December 2021). We excluded articles not written in English or German and non-human data.

Therapeutic Reference Range for Aripiprazole in Schizophrenia Revised: a Systematic Review and Metaanalysis.

Rationale: While one of the basic axioms of pharmacology postulates that there is a relationship between the concentration and effects of a drug, the value of measuring blood levels is questioned by many clinicians. This is due to the often-missing validation of therapeutic reference ranges.

Objectives: Here, we present a prototypical meta-analysis of the relationships between blood levels of aripiprazole, its target engagement in the human brain, and clinical effects and side effects in patients with schizophrenia and related disorders.

Trail Making Test Error Analysis in Subjective Cognitive Decline, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer's Dementia With and Without Depression.

Objective: Standard evaluation of the Trail Making Test (TMT) only incorporates completion times. However, the analysis of different error types may provide more insight into underlying cognitive processes and could also increase diagnostic accuracy. This cross-sectional observational study compared three different TMT error types and assessed their diagnostic utility in patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer's dementia (AD) with or without depression.

Is Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Relevant for Antidepressant Drug Therapy? Implications From a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis With Focus on Moderating Factors.

Unlabelled: Inter-individual differences in antidepressant drug concentrations attained in blood may limit the efficacy of pharmacological treatment of depressive disorders. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) enables to determine drug concentrations in blood and adjust antidepressant dosage accordingly. However, research on the underlying assumption of TDM, association between concentration and clinical effect, has yielded ambiguous results for antidepressants.

Neuropsychological Functioning in Users of Serotonergic Psychedelics - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Serotonergic psychedelics (SPs) like LSD, psilocybin, DMT, and mescaline are a heterogeneous group of substances that share agonism at 5-HT receptors. Besides the ability of these substances to facilitate profoundly altered states of consciousness, persisting psychological effects have been reported after single administrations, which outlast the acute psychedelic effects. In this review and meta-analysis, we investigated if repeated SP use associates with a characteristic neuropsychological profile indicating persisting effects on neuropsychological function.

Do β-Blockers Cause Depression?: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Psychiatric Adverse Events During β-Blocker Therapy.

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Hypertension, the renin-angiotensin system, and the risk of lower respiratory tract infections and lung injury: implications for COVID-19.

Systemic arterial hypertension (referred to as hypertension herein) is a major risk factor of mortality worldwide, and its importance is further emphasized in the context of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection referred to as COVID-19. Patients with severe COVID-19 infections commonly are older and have a history of hypertension. Almost 75% of patients who have died in the pandemic in Italy had hypertension.

Moderation of alcohol consumption as a recommendation in European hypertension management guidelines: a survey on awareness, screening and implementation among European physicians.

Objectives: Moderation of alcohol consumption is included as a class I, level of evidence A recommendation in the current European guidelines for the management of hypertension. We investigated its awareness and self-reported implementation among European physicians across different specialties and workplaces.

Design And Setting: A cross-sectional survey study conducted in two annual German meetings (German Society of Cardiology and the German Society of Internal Medicine) and two annual European meetings (European Society of Hypertension and European Society Cardiology) in 2015.

Opioid tolerance in methadone maintenance treatment: comparison of methadone and levomethadone in long-term treatment.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the development of opioid tolerance in patients receiving long-term methadone maintenance treatment (MMT).

Methods: A region-wide cross-sectional study was performed focusing on dosage and duration of treatment. Differences between racemic methadone and levomethadone were examined.

Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) genotype affects age-related changes in plasticity in working memory: a pilot study.

Objectives: Recent work suggests that a genetic variation associated with increased dopamine metabolism in the prefrontal cortex (catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met; COMT) amplifies age-related changes in working memory performance. Research on younger adults indicates that the influence of dopamine-related genetic polymorphisms on working memory performance increases when testing the cognitive limits through training. To date, this has not been studied in older adults.

Working memory training improvements and gains in non-trained cognitive tasks in young and older adults.

Previous studies on working memory training have indicated that transfer to non-trained tasks of other cognitive domains may be possible. The aim of this study is to compare working memory training and transfer effects between younger and older adults (n = 60). A novel approach to adaptive n-back training (12 sessions) was implemented by varying the working memory load and the presentation speed.