Mosquito larval control practices: past and present.

Pestiferous mosquito problems and control solutions were reported as early as ancient Greek literature. In the 19th century, it was discovered that these same mosquitoes carried diseases (malaria, dengue) that had until then been attributed to "dirty" water and swamp gases. Until relatively recently, in both urban and rural areas in the United States, the lack of effective mosquito control often drove humans and animals indoors or into nearby rivers to escape the hordes of blood-sucking mosquitoes.

Diagnostic dose of synergized d-phenothrin for insecticide susceptibility testing by bottle bioassay.

The diagnostic dose of d-phenothrin synergized 1:1 with piperonyl butoxide for testing insecticide susceptibility of mosquitoes by bottle bioassay is reported for 2 mosquito species, Culex quinquefasciatus and Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus. The diagnostic dose was defined as 2 times the 95% lethal concentration (LC95). LC50, LC90, and LC95 were estimated by probit analysis of dose response data.