The Longitudinal Relation between Infant Feeding Styles and Growth Trajectories among Families from Low-Income Households.

Background: Parental feeding styles, including the emotional environment parents create to modify a child's eating behaviors, have been associated with measures of adiposity in cross-sectional studies. The longitudinal relation between parental feeding styles in early infancy and adiposity in later infancy/toddlerhood are scant and have shown mixed results, particularly in families from low-income households.

Objectives: This study examined the relation between parental feeding styles and infant BMI z-score trajectories between 6 and 18 mo in families from low-income households.

A Combined Reach Out and Read and Imagination Library Program on Kindergarten Readiness.

Objectives: Sharing books with preschoolers is known to improve kindergarten readiness. Both Reach Out and Read (ROR) and Dolly Parton's Imagination Library (DPIL) have shown positive effects on book sharing at home. We developed a novel combined ROR/DPIL program and examined the effect on kindergarten readiness assessment (KRA) scores.

Encouraging Parental Reading for High-Risk Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Infants.

Objective: To assess whether a citywide structured book-sharing program (NICU Bookworms) designed to promote reading to infants while admitted in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) would increase parental reading behaviors (≥3-4 days/week) in the NICU and after discharge home, including high-risk parents who do not themselves enjoy reading.

Study Design: The NICU Bookworms program comprised staff training, parent education, and building a literacy-rich environment. In this quasi-experimental intervention study, parents of medically high-risk NICU graduates <6 months of age were administered a questionnaire at their first NICU follow-up clinic visit.

Reading in children with drug-resistant epilepsy was related to functional connectivity in cognitive control regions.

Aim: This study aimed to define whether individuals with drug-resistant focal epilepsy also used regions related to cognitive control to facilitate reading.

Methods: We focused on patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy in 2011-2014, who were aged 8-20 years and were being treated at the Cincinnati Children's Hospital, USA. They performed a verb generation functional magnetic resonance imaging task known to involve language and cognitive control, as well as a formal reading assessment.

Parental intuitive eating behaviors and their association with infant feeding styles among low-income families.

Introduction: Feeding styles, the attitudes and behaviors parents use to direct their child's eating, shape a child's ability to self-regulate food intake and affects their future risk of obesity. This study examined how parental intuitive eating, where parents follow their own hunger and satiety cues, relates to infant feeding styles in a low-income, predominately Black population.

Methods: Parents of healthy infants aged 5.

A Pilot Study of the Creation and Implementation of a Teaching Development Assessment Tool.

Background: The importance of effective clinical teaching skills is well established in the literature. However, reliable tools with validity evidence that are able to measure the development of these skills and can effectively be used by nonphysician raters do not exist.

Objective: Our initiative had 2 aims: (1) to develop a teaching development assessment tool (TDAT) that allows skill assessment along a continuum, and (2) to determine if trained nonphysicians can assess clinical teachers with this tool.

When and how pediatric history and physical diagnosis are taught in medical school: a survey of pediatric clerkship directors.

Background: [corrected] History and physical diagnosis skills (HPDS) are required curriculum in medical schools (MS) with pediatric HPDS (PHPDS) necessitating instruction in addition to adult HPDS. Perceived deficiencies in these skills on the pediatric clerkship prompted investigation of when and how other MS taught PHPDS. The concern of whether medical students are adequately taught PHPDS needed to be addressed.

Opportunities in global health education: a survey of the virtual landscape.

Background: A new generation of medical students is seeking residency programs offering global health education (GHE), and there is growing awareness of the benefits this training provides. However, basic factors that have an impact on its implementation and its effect on the residency match are insufficiently understood. The purpose of this study was to explore the extent of online information on GHE available to potential US pediatric residency program applicants.

USPSTF perspective on evidence-based preventive recommendations for children.

The development and use of evidence-based recommendations for preventive care by primary care providers caring for children is an ongoing challenge. This issue is further complicated by the fact that a higher proportion of recommendations by the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) for pediatric preventive services in comparison with adult services have insufficient evidence to recommend for or against the service. One important root cause for this problem is the relative lack of high quality screening and counseling studies in pediatric primary care settings.

Reflective practice and competencies in global health training: lesson for serving diverse patient populations.

Background: Resident interest in global health care training is growing and has been shown to have a positive effect on participants' clinical skills and cultural competency. In addition, it is associated with career choices in primary care, public health, and in the service of underserved populations. The purpose of this study was to explore, through reflective practice, how participation in a formal global health training program influences pediatric residents' perspectives when caring for diverse patient populations.

The anatomy of a US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation: lipid screening for children and adolescents.

Differing methods for guideline development result in conflicting recommendations and clinical practice variation. This article details the approach used by the US Preventive Services Task Force to issue recommendation statements, using the 2007 recommendation for screening of lipid levels as an example. An analytic framework served as the source of key questions for a systematic review of the evidence on lipid screening in children and adolescents.

Pediatric education in office settings.

Pediatric training in community office-based settings has been demonstrated to be an effective means of providing "real-world" experiences to students and residents. Although it is often challenging with regards to addressing logistic and conceptual issues, such training provides important practical experiences that may prove critical to the future practice of not only primary care pediatrics but also pediatric subspecialty care. It also may be the key to enhancing the interaction between the two.

Reliability of parent-measured axillary temperatures.

Background: Fever is a common symptom in children. Assessment of accuracy of parental temperature measurement is integral in determining proper medical management.

Methods: The authors recruited 25 afebrile and 13 febrile children from outpatient sites.

The impact of the electronic health record on an academic pediatric primary care center.

Many hospitals and practices are transitioning to electronic health records (EHR), but there is little information on the impact on patient care in a busy pediatric academic setting. The objective of this study was to determine the impacts of EHR on documentation, clinical processes, billing, ancillary staff responsibilities, scheduling, and cycle time. A descriptive study to assess the impact of EHR implementation and subsequent use on documentation, clinical processes, and patient access and flow was performed in a large urban academic pediatric primary care health center.

The role of Title VII funding in academic general pediatrics fellowships and leadership.

Since 1979, the Health Resources and Services Administration, Bureau of Health Professionals Title VII, Section 747 (Title VII) programs have been critical to both fellowship and leadership training in academic general pediatrics. Title VII-funded faculty development programs and targeted contract funding have played an important role in training pediatric academic generalist faculty, supporting individual fellowship programs, defining the core elements of such programs, and expanding faculty development to include leadership training. As the major continuing source of external funding for these programs, Title VII has produced documented successful outcomes in all areas in terms of both numbers and accomplishments of trainees.

Title VII and the development and promotion of national initiatives in training primary care clinicians in the United States.

The Title VII, Section 747 (Title VII) legislation, which authorizes the Training in Primary Care Medicine and Dentistry grant program, provides statutory authority to the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) to award contracts and cooperative agreements aimed at enhancing the quality of primary care training in the United States.More than 35 contracts and cooperative agreements have been issued by HRSA with Title VII federal funds, most often to national organizations promoting the training of physician assistants and medical students and representing the primary care disciplines of family medicine, general internal medicine, and general pediatrics. These activities have influenced generalist medicine through three mechanisms: (1) building collaboration among the primary care disciplines and between primary care and specialty medicine, (2) strengthening primary care generally through national initiatives designed to develop and implement new models of primary care training, and (3) enhancing the quality of primary care training in specific disease areas determined to be of national importance.

Strengthening the academic base of general pediatrics fellowship programs: a national program and curriculum development project.

Objective: To improve academic general pediatrics (AGP) fellowship programs by 1) developing curriculum guidelines and program standards and 2) creating a process for program review and consultation that might later be used for accreditation of AGP fellowship programs.

Methods: This project of the Ambulatory Pediatric Association (APA) created 4 documents: AGP fellowship program requirements, core curriculum, educational goals and objectives, and a standardized form to describe required program characteristics. Site visits were conducted at 7 volunteer AGP fellowship programs, selected for diversity of content, structure, and location.

Academic general pediatric fellowships: curriculum design and educational goals and objectives.

Academic generalists are unique and important members of the pediatric landscape.(1) Academic general pediatrics (AGP) is not considered a subspecialty, because it adheres to generalist values and embraces a wide range of clinical activities. Nonetheless, academic generalists engage in important scholarly efforts, contribute extensively to the education of new pediatricians, and must be prepared to survive in academia.

Family-centered bedside rounds: a new approach to patient care and teaching.

The importance of patient-centered care and the role of families in decision-making are becoming more recognized. Starting with a single acute care unit, a multidisciplinary improvement team at Cincinnati Children's Hospital developed and implemented a new process that allows families to decide if they want to be part of attending-physician rounds. Family involvement seems to improve communication, shares decision-making, and offers new learning for residents and students.