Hypotension prediction index for minimising intraoperative hypotension: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Background And Aims: Reports on the utility of the hypotension prediction index (HPI) in reducing the occurrence of intraoperative hypotension are conflicting. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) was to evaluate the overall effect of using HPI on intraoperative hypotension outcomes of time-weighted average (TWA), area under the hypotension threshold (AUHT), incidence and duration of hypotension.

Methods: We searched the electronic databases of PubMed, ProQuest and Scopus from inception till 30 October 2023.

Antitubercular potential and pH-driven mode of action of salicylic acid derivatives.

In the search for new antituberculosis drugs with novel mechanisms of action, we evaluated the antimycobacterial activity of a panel of eight phenolic acids against four pathogenic mycobacterial model species, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We demonstrated that salicylic acid (SA), as well as the iodinated derivatives 5-iodo-salicylic acid (5ISA) and 3,5-diiodo-salicylic acid (3,5diISA), displayed promising antitubercular activities. Remarkably, using a genetically encoded mycobacterial intrabacterial pH reporter, we describe for the first time that SA, 5ISA, 3,5diISA, and the anti-inflammatory drug aspirin (ASP) act by disrupting the intrabacterial pH homeostasis of M.

Pleomorphic Giant Cell Carcinoma and Periurethral Abscess: A Case Report.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common solid malignancy in men in the UK. Pleomorphic giant cell carcinoma (PGCC) is a rare, aggressive variant of prostate adenocarcinoma. PGCC is associated with a poor prognosis and high Gleason-grade characteristics, often occurring in patients with a history of PCa treatment.

Multidimensional profiling of human T cells reveals high CD38 expression, marking recent thymic emigrants and age-related naive T cell remodeling.

Thymic involution is a key factor in human immune aging, leading to reduced thymic output and a decline in recent thymic emigrant (RTE) naive T cells in circulation. Currently, the precise definition of human RTEs and their corresponding cell surface markers lacks clarity. Analysis of single-cell RNA-seq/ATAC-seq data distinguished RTEs by the expression of SOX4, IKZF2, and TOX and CD38 protein, whereby surface CD38 expression universally identified CD8 and CD4 RTEs.

The effect of protein or amino acid provision on immobilization-induced muscle atrophy in healthy adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Bed rest and limb immobilization are models of muscle disuse associated with skeletal muscle atrophy and reduced strength. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the impact of protein or amino acid provision before and/or during a period of muscle disuse on muscle atrophy (primary outcome), strength and muscle protein synthesis (secondary outcomes) following a disuse period. We performed a systematic review of Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, PubMed and Clinical Trials in December 2022.

The effect of combined β-lactoglobulin supplementation and resistance exercise training prior to limb immobilisation on muscle protein synthesis rates in healthy young adults: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Background: The decline in skeletal muscle mass experienced following a short-term period (days to weeks) of muscle disuse is mediated by impaired rates of muscle protein synthesis (MPS). Previous RCTs of exercise or nutrition prehabilitation interventions designed to mitigate disuse-induced muscle atrophy have reported limited efficacy. Hence, the aim of this study is to investigate the impact of a complex prehabilitation intervention that combines β-lactoglobulin (a novel milk protein with a high leucine content) supplementation with resistance exercise training on disuse-induced changes in free-living integrated rates of MPS in healthy, young adults.

The Epigenetic Regulatory Protein CBX2 Promotes mTORC1 Signalling and Inhibits DREAM Complex Activity to Drive Breast Cancer Cell Growth.

Chromobox 2 (CBX2) is a chromatin-binding component of polycomb repressive complex 1, which causes gene silencing. CBX2 expression is elevated in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), for which there are few therapeutic options. Here, we aimed to investigate the functional role of CBX2 in TNBC.

Valproic acid disables the Nrf2 anti-oxidant response in acute myeloid leukaemia cells enhancing reactive oxygen species-mediated killing.

Background: We previously demonstrated the in vitro killing of AML cells by the combination of the lipid-lowering agent bezafibrate (BEZ) and the contraceptive hormone medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). A phase II trial demonstrated in vivo safety and efficacy of BEZ and MPA (BaP) in elderly, relapsed/refractory AML and high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients. However, we observed dose-limiting toxicities in a second trial that attempted to improve outcomes via escalation of BaP doses.

The Impact of Centralised Services on Metric Reflecting High-quality Performance: Outcomes from 1110 Consecutive Radical Cystectomies at a Single Centre.

Background: The 2002 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidance on centralisation of radical cystectomy (RC) coincided with changes in practice: use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND), and RC for high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (HR-NMIBC).

Objective: To report the outcomes of RC at a single centre and to compare trends in survival with respect to centralisation and change in RC practice.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Data were collected retrospectively between 1 January 1994 and 31 December 2016.

An optimized metaproteomics protocol for a holistic taxonomic and functional characterization of microbial communities from marine particles.

This study aimed to establish a robust and reliable metaproteomics protocol for an in-depth characterization of marine particle-associated (PA) bacteria. To this end, we compared six well-established protein extraction protocols together with different MS-sample preparation techniques using particles sampled during a North Sea spring algae bloom in 2009. In the final optimized workflow, proteins are extracted using a combination of SDS-containing lysis buffer and cell disruption by bead-beating, separated by SDS-PAGE, in-gel digested and analysed by LC-MS/MS, before MASCOT search against a metagenome-based database and data processing/visualization with the in-house-developed bioinformatics tools Prophane and Paver.

Thalamus Optimized Multi Atlas Segmentation (THOMAS): fast, fully automated segmentation of thalamic nuclei from structural MRI.

The thalamus and its nuclei are largely indistinguishable on standard T1 or T2 weighted MRI. While diffusion tensor imaging based methods have been proposed to segment the thalamic nuclei based on the angular orientation of the principal diffusion tensor, these are based on echo planar imaging which is inherently limited in spatial resolution and suffers from distortion. We present a multi-atlas segmentation technique based on white-matter-nulled MP-RAGE imaging that segments the thalamus into 12 nuclei with computation times on the order of 10 min on a desktop PC; we call this method THOMAS (THalamus Optimized Multi Atlas Segmentation).

Long-term Outcomes from Re-resection for High-risk Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: A Potential to Rationalize Use.

Background: Guidelines advocate early re-resection for these cancers, although the benefits are unclear and the uniform need is questioned. Here, we compare the outcomes using a large single-center cohort.

Objectives: To compare the outcomes of patients with high-grade non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (BC) who underwent and who did not undergo re-resection following their initial treatment.

Lessons from history: morbidity of cold injury in the Royal Marines during the Falklands Conflict of 1982.

Background: Environmental conditions in the Falklands Conflict of 1982 favoured the genesis of cold injuries. Immediately, post-war, cold injury morbidity and its contributory factors were assessed, in the personnel of UK 3 Commando Brigade (3 Cdo Bde).

Methods: A questionnaire survey of the 3,006 members of 3 Cdo Bde who landed on the islands was conducted within 6-10 weeks of the end of hostilities.

Disease specific mortality in patients with low risk bladder cancer and the impact of cystoscopic surveillance.

Purpose: We determined the risk of disease specific mortality in patients with primary, low risk, noninvasive (G1pTa) bladder cancer and compared it to disease specific mortality in age and gender matched general populations.

Materials And Methods: We identified all patients with primary low risk cancer at our institution. We excluded those with adverse pathological features and then matched histopathology, pharmacy, hospital episode and Cancer Registry records.

Comparative outcomes of primary, recurrent, and progressive high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Background: The treatment of high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (BCa) is problematic given the variable natural history of the disease. Few reports have compared outcomes for primary high-risk tumours with those that develop following previous BCas (relapses). The latter represent a self-selected cohort, having failed previous treatments.

The long-term outcome of treated high-risk nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer: time to change treatment paradigm?

Background: The treatment of high-risk nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is difficult given its unpredictable natural history and patient comorbidities. Because current case series are mostly limited in size, the authors report the outcomes from a large, single-center series.

Methods: The authors reviewed all patients with primary, high-risk NMIBC at their institution from 1994 to 2010.

Green tea extract (epigallocatechin-3-gallate) reduces efficacy of radiotherapy on prostate cancer cells.

Objectives: To assess the influence of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on the efficacy of ionizing radiation on prostate cancer cells because of the increased use of dietary interventions, especially by patients with prostate cancer. Radiotherapy is used to treat localized prostate cancer. Some people consume green tea (EGCG) as a chemopreventive agent against prostate cancer.

Fibronectin confers survival against chemotherapeutic agents but not against radiotherapy in DU145 prostate cancer cells: involvement of the insulin like growth factor-1 receptor.

Background: Tumor growth is influenced by an increase in cell proliferation and a reduction in apoptosis; both of which are affected by alterations in extracellular matrix (ECM). Our aim was to assess if the susceptibility of prostate cancer cells to apoptosis induced by either chemotherapeutics or radiotherapy was altered by changes in the ECM.

Methods: Prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP and DU145 (androgen independent) cells were treated with chemotherapeutics (ceramide and docetaxel) or radiotherapy in the presence or absence of fibronectin, laminin, or vitronectin.

Dihydrotestosterone sensitises LNCaP cells to death induced by epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) or an IGF-I receptor inhibitor.

Background: Compelling evidence has accumulated for chemopreventive effects for the active component of green tea Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) particularly for prostate cancer (CaP).

Methods: We have assessed interactions between the effects of EGCG and two main regulators of prostate cell function, dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I). Using LNCaP (androgen-sensitive), PC3 and DU145 (androgen-resistant) CaP cell lines, we assessed the effect of EGCG alone on growth (0-200 microM) and on cell death (0-50 microM).

Self-awareness of premalignant oral lesions among veterans attending six U.S. Veterans Affairs Medical Centers.

Early identification is key to reducing the morbidity and mortality of oropharyngeal cancer. This study identified factors associated with self-awareness among patients newly diagnosed with a premalignant oral lesion. Data describing sociodemographics, medical/dental histories, tobacco/alcohol use and oral health were obtained by questionnaire and clinical examination of 73 veterans at six U.

Prevention and early detection of oral and pharyngeal cancer in veterans.

Objectives: To assess knowledge of oral and pharyngeal cancer (OPC) clinical signs and risk factors, the association between the risk factors and OPC, and the experience with OPC screening between newly diagnosed OPC patients and controls among a population of veterans in North Carolina.

Study Design: A case-control study with 31 OPC cases and 30 frequency-matched controls recruited from 2003 to 2004. Bivariate analysis using chi-square statistics and multivariate logistic regression was implemented to estimate the association with OPC.