Enhancement on selenium volatilization for phytoremediation: role of plant and soil microbe interaction.

This study aimed at quantifying the potential effects of plant and soil microbial interaction on selenium (Se) volatilization, with the specific objectives of identifying soil bacteria associated with rabbitfoot grass () and demonstrating the enhancement of Se volatilization in the soil-Indian mustard () system through inoculation of the soil with the identified best Se-volatilizing bacterial strain. Soil bacteria were isolated from topsoil and rhizosphere soils of rabbitfoot grass, and the bacterial colonies were characterized via PCR-DGGE and DGGE band analysis prior to their identification using 16S rDNA sequencing technique. produced over 500-fold more volatile Se in a culture medium treated with 15 µg Se/mL (equal mixture of SeO , SeO and selenomethionine) than any of the other eight identified bacterial strains.

Performance of ChatGPT and Bard on the official part 1 FRCOphth practice questions.

Background: Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT), a large language model by OpenAI, and Bard, Google's artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot, have been evaluated in various contexts. This study aims to assess these models' proficiency in the part 1 Fellowship of the Royal College of Ophthalmologists (FRCOphth) Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) examination, highlighting their potential in medical education.

Methods: Both models were tested on a sample question bank for the part 1 FRCOphth MCQ exam.

Asymmetrically Substituted Quadruplex-Binding Naphthalene Diimide Showing Potent Activity in Pancreatic Cancer Models.

Targeting of genomic quadruplexes is an approach to treating complex human cancers. We describe a series of tetra-substituted naphthalene diimide (ND) derivatives with a phenyl substituent directly attached to the ND core. The lead compound (SOP1812) has 10 times superior cellular and activity compared with previous ND compounds and nanomolar binding to human quadruplexes.

Risks and management of antiepileptic drug induced skin reactions in the adult out-patient setting.

Adverse cutaneous reactions caused by mostly aromatic antiepileptic drugs (AED) affect 50.000 people a year in the United Kingdom (UK; incidence 75.7/100.

Asymmetric Syntheses of 3-Deoxy-3-aminosphingoid Bases: Approaches Based on Parallel Kinetic Resolution and Double Asymmetric Induction.

The asymmetric syntheses of a range of N- and O-protected 3-deoxy-3-aminosphingoid bases have been achieved using two complementary approaches. dl-Serine was converted to a racemic N,N-dibenzyl-protected γ-amino-α,β-unsaturated ester which was resolved using a parallel kinetic resolution (PKR) strategy upon reaction with a pseudoenantiomeric mixture of lithium (R)-N-benzyl-N-(α-methylbenzyl)amide and lithium (S)-N-3,4-dimethoxybenzyl-N-(α-methylbenzyl)amide, giving the corresponding enantio- and diastereoisomerically pure β,γ-diamino esters. Alternatively, elaboration of l-serine gave the corresponding enantiopure N,N-dibenzyl-protected γ-amino-α,β-unsaturated ester, and doubly diastereoselective conjugate addition of the antipodes of lithium N-benzyl-N-(α-methylbenzyl)amide was found to proceed under the dominant stereocontrol of the lithium amide reagent in both cases, thus augmenting the accessible range of β,γ-diamino esters.

Sex Differences in Civilian Injury in Baghdad From 2003 to 2014: Results of a Randomized Household Cluster Survey.

Objective: To examine sex differences in injury mechanisms, injury-related death, injury-related disability, and associated financial consequences in Baghdad since the 2003 invasion of Iraq to inform prevention initiatives, health policy, and relief planning.

Background: Reliable estimates of injury burden among civilians during conflict are lacking, particularly among vulnerable subpopulations, such as women.

Methods: A 2-stage, cluster randomized, community-based household survey was conducted in May 2014 to determine the civilian burden of injury in Baghdad since 2003.

Efficacy of Noncontrast Computed Tomography of the Abdomen and Pelvis for Evaluating Nontraumatic Acute Abdominal Pain in the Emergency Department.

Background: Computed tomography (CT) clarity has significantly improved since it became widely available in the early 1980s, making the utility and benefit of contrast material for image quality of the abdomen and pelvis uncertain, and so far, minimally studied.

Objectives: This study sought to assess the efficacy of a noncontrast CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis by evaluating patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with acute nontraumatic abdominal pain by following them for 7 days and observing for signs and symptoms of clinically significant acute emergent pathology.

Methods: We enrolled, and for 7 days followed, a prospective observational convenience sample of patients who received a noncontrast CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis in the ED for acute nontraumatic abdominal pain.

Detecting foreign bodies in a head laceration.

Open wounds represent a potential area of medicolegal risk if foreign bodies are not identified prior to wound closure. The importance of imaging of lacerations was underscored by a recent case where a 20-year-old male collided with a friend's mouth on a trampoline sustaining a simple, superficial scalp laceration. The wound was evaluated in typical fashion including irrigation and local exploration and was prepared for closure.

Using n-Grams for Syndromic Surveillance in a Turkish Emergency Department Without English Translation: A Feasibility Study.

Introduction: Syndromic surveillance is designed for early detection of disease outbreaks. An important data source for syndromic surveillance is free-text chief complaints (CCs), which are generally recorded in the local language. For automated syndromic surveillance, CCs must be classified into predefined syndromic categories.

Ras and Rho small G proteins: insights from the Schizophyllum commune genome sequence and comparisons to other fungi.

Unlike in animal cells and yeasts, the Ras and Rho small G proteins and their regulators have not received extensive research attention in the case of the filamentous fungi. In an effort to begin to rectify this deficiency, the genome sequence of the basidiomycete mushroom Schizophyllum commune was searched for all known components of the Ras and Rho signalling pathways. The results of this study should provide an impetus for further detailed investigations into their role in polarized hyphal growth, sexual reproduction and fruiting body development.

Genome sequence of the model mushroom Schizophyllum commune.

Much remains to be learned about the biology of mushroom-forming fungi, which are an important source of food, secondary metabolites and industrial enzymes. The wood-degrading fungus Schizophyllum commune is both a genetically tractable model for studying mushroom development and a likely source of enzymes capable of efficient degradation of lignocellulosic biomass. Comparative analyses of its 38.

Oxidative spirocyclisation routes towards the sawaranospirolides. Synthesis of ent-sawaranospirolides C and D.

Two routes are described for the synthesis of the sawaranospirolides, stereoisomeric spirolactone ascorbigenins isolated from Chamaecyparis pisifera. Trapping of the keto enal formed by oxidation of a functionalised 2-(4-hydroxybutyl)furan affords a potential butenolide spiroacetal precursor to sawaranospirolides A and C. Alternatively, epoxidation of protected 3-(dihydropyran-2-yl)-3-arylpropanoic acids results in spirolactonisation to generate ent-sawaranospirolide C; a related acid-mediated spirocyclisation gave access to ent-sawaranospirolide D.

Synthesis and Claisen rearrangement of bridged bicyclic enol ethers of relevance to the course of ketene s-cis-diene cycloaddition.

The synthesis is described of a range of 3-alkylidene-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene and 3-alkylidene-2-oxabicyclo[2.

Crossing the boundary between the Balpha and Bbeta mating-type loci in Schizophyllum commune.

In this study, genes of the Schizophyllum commune Balpha and Bbeta mating-type loci are shown to be within a few kilobases of each other. The region between the nearest Balpha and Bbeta genes contains many short direct repeats. Predicted amino acid sequences and activity spectra of three pheromones encoded in the Balpha3 mating-type specificity are presented along with a re-evaluation of pheromone activity of many previously reported S.