Cost-benefit analysis of pharmacist interventions over 36 months in a university hospital.

Objective: To perform a cost-benefits analysis of a clinical pharmacy (CP) service implemented in a Neurology ward of a tertiary teaching hospital.

Methods: This is a cost-benefit analysis of a single arm, prospective cohort study performed at the adult Neurology Unit over 36 months, which has evaluated the results of a CP service from a hospital and Public Health System (PHS) perspective. The interventions were classified into 14 categories and the costs identified as direct medical costs.

Economic Burden of Cardiovascular Disease in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) constitute major comorbidities in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), contributing substantially to treatment costs for T2DM. An updated overview of the economic burden of CVD in T2DM has not been presented to date.

Objective: To systematically review published articles describing the costs associated with treating CVD in people with T2DM.

Prevalence of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: a systematic literature review of scientific evidence from across the world in 2007-2017.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a common comorbidity in type 2 diabetes (T2DM). CVD's prevalence has been growing over time.

Purpose: To estimate the current prevalence of CVD among adults with T2DM by reviewing literature published within the last 10 years (2007-March 2017).

Cost-effectiveness of 3-month paliperidone therapy for chronic schizophrenia in the Netherlands.

Background: A new depot formulation of paliperidone has been developed that provides effective treatment for schizophrenia for 3 months (PP3M). It has been tested in phase-3 trials, but no data on its cost-effectiveness have been published.

Purpose: To determine the cost-effectiveness of PP3M compared with once-monthly paliperidone (PP1M), haloperidol long-acting therapy (HAL-LAT), risperidone microspheres (RIS-LAT), and oral olanzapine (oral-OLZ) for treating chronic schizophrenia in The Netherlands.

Cost-effectiveness of 3-month paliperidone treatment for chronic schizophrenia in Spain.

Background: A 3-month long treatment of paliperidone palmitate (PP3M) has been introduced as an option for treating schizophrenia. Its cost-effectiveness in Spain has not been established.

Aims: To compare the costs and effects of PP3M compared with once-monthly paliperidone (PP1M) from the payer perspective in Spain.

Dose escalation of biologics in Crohn's disease: critical review of observational studies.

Background: Biologics used to treat Crohn's disease (CD) may lose their effect over time, requiring dose escalation. Little information is available on this topic.

Aim: To summarize rates of dose escalation, duration, de-escalation in observational studies of CD in adults treated with adalimumab, infliximab, and vedolizumab in Europe.

Comparative effectiveness of interferons in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a meta-analysis of real-world studies.

Background: Differences between interferons have been evaluated for over 20 years. While randomized controlled trial (RCT) data is mainly used for assessments and strong data for causal inferences, it does not necessarily reflect everyday practice. Real-world data may provide additional information.

Systematic literature review of the health economic implications of early detection by screening populations at risk for type 2 diabetes.

Background: Undetected/uncontrolled diabetes is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality and consequent costs. Early detection through screening identifies patients at risk, allowing for earlier treatment initiation.

Objectives: To determine the economic impact of screening for type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Economic analysis of paliperidone long-acting injectable for chronic schizophrenia in Portugal.

Objective: Patients with chronic schizophrenia suffer a huge burden, as do their families/caregivers. Treating schizophrenia is costly for health systems. The European Medicines Agency has approved paliperidone palmitate (PP-LAI; Xeplion), an atypical antipsychotic depot; however, its pharmacoeconomic profile in Portugal is unknown.

Systematic review of models used in economic analyses in moderate-to-severe asthma and COPD.

Background: Respiratory diseases exert a substantial burden on society, with newer drugs increasingly adding to the burden. Economic models are often used, but seldom reviewed.

Purpose: To summarize economic models used in economic analyses of drugs treating moderate-to-severe/very severe asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Pharmacoeconomics of long-acting atypical antipsychotics for acutely relapsed chronic schizophrenia in Finland.

Background: Atypical long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics are increasingly available for treating chronic schizophrenia in patients chronically non-adherent to prescribed regimens. Few economic studies have compared these products.

Purpose: To determine the cost-effectiveness of aripiprazole (ARI-LAI), paliperidone (PP-LAI), olanzapine (OLZ-LAI), and risperidone (RIS-LAI) in patients with chronic schizophrenia in Finland.

Patient preferences in severe COPD and asthma: a comprehensive literature review.

Background: Management of chronic incurable diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma is difficult. Incorporation of patient preferences is widely encouraged.

Purpose: To summarize original research articles determining patient preference in moderate-to-severe disease.

Utilities for asthma and COPD according to category of severity: a comprehensive literature review.

Background: Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are incurable diseases that impact quality-of-life.

Objective: To summarize original research articles that measured or utilized preference-based utilities or disutilities according to disease severity.

Methods: Medline and Embase were searched from inception until the end of November 2014.

Hospital-wide rollout of antimicrobial stewardship: a stepped-wedge randomized trial.

Our objective was to rigorously evaluate the impact of an antimicrobial stewardship audit-and-feedback intervention, via a stepped-wedge randomized trial. An effective intensive care unit (ICU) audit-and-feedback program was rolled out to 6 non-ICU services in a randomized sequence. The primary outcome was targeted antimicrobial utilization, using a negative binomial regression model to assess the impact of the intervention while accounting for secular and seasonal trends.

Pharmacoeconomics of depot antipsychotics for treating chronic schizophrenia in Sweden.

Aims: To determine the cost-effectiveness of long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics for chronic schizophrenia in Sweden.

Methods: A 1-year decision tree was developed for Sweden using published data and expert opinion. Five treatment strategies lasting 1 year were compared: paliperidone palmitate (PP-LAI), olanzapine pamoate (OLZ-LAI), risperidone (RIS-LAI), haloperidol decanoate (HAL-LAI) and olanzapine tablets (oral-OLZ).

Validation of an economic model of paliperidone palmitate for chronic schizophrenia.

Objective: Model validation is important, but seldom applied in chronic schizophrenia. Validation consists of verifying the model itself for face validity (i.e.

Economic burden of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy in the USA.

Background: Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) is the most common medical condition during gestation, affecting 50%-90% of women during their first trimester, and many in the second and third trimester. NVP affects women's quality of life and exerts a large economic impact on patients, caregivers and society.

Objectives: To estimate the overall economic burden of illness of NVP in the USA.

Quantifying the global rates of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: a meta analysis.

Background: Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) is the most common medical condition in pregnancy, affecting women worldwide. It is unclear whether its prevalence and severity NVP are variable across different nations and races.

Purpose: To summarize global rates of NVP as reported in the literature using meta-analysis.

Prevalence of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy in the USA: a meta analysis.

Background: Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) is the most common medical condition during gestation, carrying tremendous health burden, especially for the severe form, hyperemesis gravidarum (HG). The rates of NVP in the USA have not been systematically calculated.

Objectives: To estimate the rates of NVP and HG in the USA.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of atypical long-acting antipsychotics for treating chronic schizophrenia in Finland.

Objective: In Finland, regional rates of schizophrenia exceed those in most countries, impacting the healthcare burden. This study determined the cost-effectiveness of long-acting antipsychotic (LAI) drugs paliperidone palmitate (PP-LAI), olanzapine pamoate (OLZ-LAI), and risperidone (RIS-LAI) for chronic schizophrenia.

Method: This study adapted a decision tree analysis from Norway for the Finnish National Health Service.

Economic and clinical comparison of atypical depot antipsychotic drugs for treatment of chronic schizophrenia in the Czech Republic.

Purpose: The Czech Republic is faced with making choices between pharmaceutical products, including depot injectable antipsychotics. A pharmacoeconomic analysis was conducted to determine the cost-effectiveness of atypical depots.

Methods: An existing 1-year decision-analytic framework was adapted to model drug use in this healthcare system.

Pregnancy outcomes following gabapentin use: results of a prospective comparative cohort study.

Objectives: Our objectives were to 1) determine whether first-trimester use of gabapentin is associated with an increased risk for major malformations; 2) examine rates of spontaneous abortions, therapeutic abortions, stillbirths, mean birth weight and gestational age at delivery; and 3) examine rates of poor neonatal adaptation syndrome following late pregnancy exposure.

Methods: The study design was prospective. Women were included who initially contacted the services between 5 and 8 weeks with a comparison group of women exposed to nonteratogens, collected in a similar manner.

Pharmacoeconomic analysis of paliperidone palmitate versus olanzapine pamoate for chronic schizophrenia in Norway.

Objective: Paliperidone palmitate long-acting injection (PP-LAI) has recently been approved for treatment of chronic schizophrenia. Its cost-effectiveness has not been established. The objective was to compare direct costs and outcomes between PP-LAI and olanzapine pamoate (OLZ-LAI) in treating chronic schizophrenia in Norway from the perspective of the government payer.

Cost-Utility Analysis of Depot Atypical Antipsychotics for Chronic Schizophrenia in Croatia.

Objectives: As a nation with a developing economy, Croatia is faced with making choices between pharmaceutical products, including depot injectable antipsychotics. We conducted a pharmacoeconomic analysis to determine the cost-effectiveness of atypical depots in Croatia.

Methods: A 1-year decision-analytic framework modeled drug use.