Carbapenemase-producing bacteria recovered from Nairobi River, Kenya surface water and from nearby anthropogenic and zoonotic sources.

Carbapenem-resistant bacteria (CRB) present a significant global public health concern. Sub-Saharan Africa has borne a heavy burden of CRB with a reported prevalence of up to 60% in some patient populations. es in Africa focus on clinical CRB isolates, with limited data on their spread in the natural environment.

Transcontinental Dissemination of Enterobacterales Harboring in Retail Frozen Shrimp.

The global food trade provides a means of disseminating antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria and genes. Using selective media, carbapenem-resistant species of Enterobacterales ( sp. and sp.

A complex cyclical One Health pathway drives the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance.

Since their commercialization, scientists have known that antimicrobial use kills or inhibits susceptible bacteria while allowing resistant bacteria to survive and expand. Today there is widespread antimicrobial resistance (AMR), even to antimicrobials of last resort such as the carbapenems, which are reserved for use in life-threatening infections. It is often convenient to assign responsibility for this global health crisis to the users and prescribers of antimicrobials.

The One Health dissemination of antimicrobial resistance occurs in both natural and clinical environments.

Once considered to be a simple cause-and-effect relationship with localized impact, the concept of how antimicrobial use drives antimicrobial resistance is now recognized as a complex, transdisciplinary problem on a global scale. While the issue of antimicrobial resistance is often studied and addressed at the antimicrobial-human or antimicrobial-animal treatment interface, the role of the environment in the One Health dynamics of antimicrobial resistance is not as well understood. Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, including those resistant to carbapenem drugs, are emerging in veterinary clinical environments, on farms, and in natural habitats.

Previous Antibiotic Exposure Reshapes the Population Structure of Infecting Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains by Selecting for Antibiotic Resistance over Urovirulence.

Antibiotic therapy is the standard of care for urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). However, previous antibiotic therapy may impart a selective pressure that influences the population structure and pathogenic potential of infecting UPEC strains. Here, we conducted a 3-year study using whole-genome-sequencing analysis and retrospective medical record review to characterize how antibiotic exposure influenced the phenotypic antibiotic resistance, acquired resistome, virulome, and population structure of 88 UTI-causing E.

Antimicrobial-Resistant Recovered from the Environment of Two Zoological Institutions Include Enterobacter cloacae Complex ST171 Producing KPC-4 Carbapenemase.

Environmental surfaces can serve as reservoirs for pathogens and antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria in healthcare settings. Although active surveillance programs are used in veterinary and human healthcare, unconventional settings like zoological facilities are often overlooked, even though antimicrobials are used to maintain the health of their animal collections. Here, we used electrostatic cloths to conduct active environmental surveillance over a 2-year period at two zoological institutions to determine contamination prevalence of human-only and mixed animal-human touch environments with AMR bacteria.

Investigating the Source of Agona Contamination in Australian Feed Mills Using Core Genome Phylogenetic Analysis.

serovar Agona is commonly detected in raw animal feed components during routine microbial monitoring of Australian commercial animal feed mills. We hypothesized that -contaminated raw feed components originate at the rendering or oil seed crushing plant and are distributed to mills in different locations. Our objective was to investigate the source of Agona contaminated raw feed components.

Frequency and diversity of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales recovered from untreated wastewater impacted by selective media containing cefotaxime and meropenem in Ohio, USA.

As safe agents of last resort, carbapenems are reserved for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms. The impact of β-lactam antibiotics, cefotaxime, and meropenem on the frequency and diversity of carbapenemase-producing organisms recovered from environmental samples has not been fully established. Therefore, this methodological study aimed at determining β-lactam drugs used in selective enrichment and their impact on the recovery of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) from untreated wastewater.

Case-case-control study of risk factors for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales infections among hospitalized patients.

Objective: To identify important risk factors for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) infections among hospitalized patients.

Design: We utilized a case-case-control design that compared patients with CRE infections to patients with carbapenem-susceptible Enterobacterales (CSE) infections and randomly selected controls during the period from January 2011 through December 2016.

Setting: The study population was selected from patients at a large metropolitan tertiary-care and instructional medical center.

Fish as sentinels of antimicrobial resistant bacteria, epidemic carbapenemase genes, and antibiotics in surface water.

Surface waters, especially those receiving wastewater flows, can disseminate antimicrobial resistant bacteria (ARB), antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG), and antibiotics. In the Scioto River of central Ohio, United States, we evaluated fishes as potential sentinels of ARB and antimicrobial contamination and investigated the influence of antimicrobial exposure on the fish intestinal resistome. Seventy-seven fish were collected from river reaches receiving inputs from two wastewater treatment plants that serve the greater Columbus Metropolitan Area.

Pathogenomics and clinical recurrence influence biofilm capacity of Escherichia coli isolated from canine urinary tract infections.

Biofilm formation enhances bacteria's ability to colonize unique niches while protecting themselves from environmental stressors. Escherichia coli that colonize the urinary tract can protect themselves from the harsh bladder environment by forming biofilms. These biofilms promote persistence that can lead to chronic and recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI).

Colonization of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from Urban and Suburban Environments with Cephalosporinase- and Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales.

Wildlife play a role in the acquisition, maintenance, and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This is especially true at the human-domestic animal-wildlife interface, like urbanized areas, where interactions occur that can promote the cross-over of AMR bacteria and genes. We conducted a 2-year fecal surveillance ( = 783) of a white-tailed deer (WTD) herd from an urban park system in Ohio to identify and characterize cephalosporin-resistant and carbapenemase-producing bacteria using selective enrichment.

Detection of Zoonotic Bacteria and Paragonimus kellicotti in Red Swamp Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) and the Assessment of Traditional Crayfish Boils.

Abstract: Studies of red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) outside of the United States confirm the presence of a variety of zoonotic pathogens, but it is unknown whether these same pathogens occur in P. clarkii in the United States. The U.

Salmonella detection in commercially prepared livestock feed and the raw ingredients and equipment used to manufacture the feed: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Salmonella contamination of livestock feed is a serious veterinary and public health issue. In this study we used a systematic review to assess the prevalence and characterization of Salmonella isolates detected in raw feed components, feed milling equipment and finished feed from 97 studies published from 1955 to 2020 across seven global regions. Eighty-five studies were included in a meta-analyses to estimate the combined prevalence of Salmonella detection and to compare the risk of contamination associated with different sample types.

Temporal Trends in Antimicrobial Resistance of Fecal Escherichia coli from Deer.

The changing epidemiologic role of wildlife as reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB) is poorly understood. In this study, we characterize the phenotypic resistance of commensal Escherichia coli from fecal samples of 879 individual white-tailed (Odocoileus virginianus; WTD) over a ten-year period and analyze resistance patterns. Our results show commensal E.

Antimicrobial resistant bacteria recovered from retail ground meat products in the US include a Raoultella ornithinolytica co-harboring bla and bla.

Retail beef and pork, including processed products, can serve as vehicles for the zoonotic foodborne transmission of pathogens and antimicrobial resistant bacteria. However, processed and seasoned products like sausages, are not often included in research and surveillance programs. The objective of this study was to investigate retail ground beef and pork, including processed products, for the presence of common foodborne pathogens and antimicrobial resistant bacteria.

Prevalence of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-, carbapenem-, and fluoroquinolone-resistant members of the family Enterobacteriaceae isolated from the feces of horses and hospital surfaces at two equine specialty hospitals.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-, carbapenem-, and fluoroquinolone-resistant bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae in the feces of hospitalized horses and on hospital surfaces.

Sample: Fecal and environmental samples were collected from The Ohio State University Galbreath Equine Center (OSUGEC) and a private referral equine hospital in Kentucky (KYEH). Feces were sampled within 24 hours after hospital admission and after 48 hours and 3 to 7 days of hospitalization.

Investigation of spatio-temporal clusters of positive leptospirosis polymerase chain reaction test results in dogs in the United States, 2009 to 2016.

Background: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of concern and an investigation of recent spatio-temporal trends of leptospirosis in dogs in the United States is needed. Leptospira PCR testing has become increasingly used in veterinary clinical medicine and these data might provide information on recent trends of disease occurrence.

Objectives: To identify and describe clusters of PCR-positive Leptospira test results in dogs in the United States.

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Serovars Isolated from U.S. Retail Ground Pork.

One objective of this study was to determine overall prevalence of in ground pork from U.S. retail stores over three seasons including both case-ready and store-ground packages.

Implementation of an antimicrobial stewardship program in a veterinary medical teaching institution.

Widespread use of antimicrobials in human and veterinary medicine drives the emergence and dissemination of resistant bacteria in human, animal, and environmental reservoirs. The AVMA and FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine have both taken public positions emphasizing the importance of incorporating antimicrobial stewardship in veterinary clinical settings; however, a model for implementing a comprehensive antimicrobial stewardship program in veterinary practice is not readily available. In 2015, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine began developing a veterinary antimicrobial stewardship program modeled on existing programs in human health-care institutions and the 7 core elements of a successful hospital antimicrobial stewardship program, as defined by the CDC.

Multimodal Integration of Active Learning in the Veterinary Classroom.

Historically, pre-clinical professional veterinary instruction has relied heavily on didactic methods. With the shift toward competency-based education in health professions teaching, instructors at The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine are exploring alternative engagement strategies to focus on learner outcomes. In this article, we report on the integration of competency-based active learning techniques in a large-lecture setting, along with preliminary outcomes from the student perspective.

Anesthetic risk during subsequent anesthetic events in brachycephalic dogs that have undergone corrective airway surgery: 45 cases (2007-2019).

Objective: To determine whether previous corrective upper airway surgery in brachycephalic dogs would decrease perianesthetic complications in subsequent anesthetic events.

Animals: 45 client-owned dogs.

Procedures: Brachycephalic dogs undergoing any combination of staphylectomy, nasal alaplasty, or laryngeal sacculectomy that were anesthetized at a later date for additional surgical procedures or imaging from August 2, 2007, to February 8, 2019, had their medical records reviewed during both anesthetic events for signalment, American Society of Anesthesiologists status, perianesthetic drug administration, anesthetic duration, presence and total time of positive-pressure ventilation, procedure invasiveness, and perianesthetic complications such as bradycardia, hypothermia, hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias, hypertension, vomiting or regurgitation, dysphoria, respiratory distress, hypoxemia, reintubation, and prolonged periods of recovery.