Workforce analysis of practicing rhinologists in the united states.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to analyze the current rhinology workforce in the United States in terms of demographics, fellowship training, and regional distribution.

Methods: The American Rhinologic Society (ARS) member database was queried for workplace zip code, age, gender, and fellowship training of practicing U.S.

Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma survival as stratified by age and sex: A surveillance, epidemiology, and end results analysis.

Objectives/hypothesis: To utilize the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to elucidate differences in predictors of survival in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) as stratified by age and sex.

Study Design: Retrospective, population-based database analysis.

Methods: The SEER registry was utilized to calculate survival trends for patients with OTSCC between 1973 and 2012.

The genetic landscape of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) alterations in head and neck cancer.

Objectives: Nivolumab has recently been shown in the phase III clinical trial CheckMate-141 to have superior survival rates compared to the current standard of care chemotherapy for recurrent or metastatic platinum-resistant head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Nivolumab targets the immune inhibitory receptor programmed cell death 1 (PD-1). Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) genomics have been poorly characterized in the context of HNSCC, including expression levels of PD-L1 in individual tumors as well as related up or down-regulated genes that might function as co-targets.

Anatomic Variations in Pituitary Endocrinopathies: Implications for the Surgical Corridor.

 Functioning pituitary adenomas may produce endocrinopathies such as acromegaly and Cushing syndrome. Both conditions lead to characteristic anatomic variations as a result of hormonally induced abnormal soft tissue deposition. We evaluate the anatomic differences between acromegalics and Cushing disease patients and compare these dimensions to controls.

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 kindred with novel tandem RET mutations: Case report with an applied in silico mutational tolerance analysis.

Background: The American Thyroid Association (ATA) has established guidelines for prophylactic thyroidectomy in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A) based on rearranged during transfection (RET) mutations. In silico analysis, which uses computer modeling to predict alterations in protein structure, is a new method for studying these mutations.

Methods: We describe a kindred with MEN2A, all sharing a well-documented RET mutation, p.

Idiopathic Chronic Parotitis: Imaging Findings and Sialendoscopic Response.

Background/aims: The purpose of this study was to correlate imaging and sialendoscopic findings to therapeutic response in patients with idiopathic chronic parotitis.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 122 consecutive sialendoscopies performed in an academic medical center by two surgeons between 2008 and 2013. Forty-one (34%) and 54 (44%) patients were excluded on the basis of having parotid or submandibular sialolith, respectively.

Is Intraoperative Parathyroid Hormone Monitoring Warranted in Cases of 4D-CT/Ultrasound Localized Single Adenomas?

Objective: To analyze the utility of intraoperative parathyroid hormone (IOPTH) monitoring for patients with primary hyperparathyroidism who had evidence of single-gland disease on preoperative imaging with modified 4-dimensional computed tomography that was done in conjunction with ultrasonography (Mod 4D-CT/US).

Study Design: Case series with chart review.

Setting: Tertiary care university medical center.

In Silico Analysis of NF2 Gene Missense Mutations in Neurofibromatosis Type 2: From Genotype to Phenotype.

Hypothesis: Computer-based (in silico) protein modeling to examine genotype-phenotype relationships for a given mutation has been applied to many genes but never to NF2.

Background: Missense mutations in the merlin protein occur in approximately 9% of patients with neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2). Within this subset of patients, no genotype-phenotype correlations have been established.

Parathyroid Localization and Preservation during Transcervical Resection of Substernal Thyroid Glands.

Objective: The feasibility of parathyroid preservation during thyroidectomy has not been well documented for cases in which the thyroid gland extends into the mediastinum.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review.

Setting: Tertiary academic referral center.

In silico analysis of RET variants in medullary thyroid cancer: from the computer to the bedside.

Objective: The American Thyroid Association (ATA) medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) guidelines group RET variants, in the setting of familial medullary thyroid cancer and multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2, into 4 classes of severity based on epidemiological data. The aim of this study was to determine if genotype correlates with phenotype in RET missense mutations.

Study Design: In silico mutational tolerance prediction.

Factors predictive of voice and swallowing outcomes after anterior approaches to the cervical spine.

Objective: To quantify the incidence of postoperative voice, swallowing, and other problems, including time to resolution following anterior transcervical approaches to the cervical spine, and to assess surgical factors associated with outcomes.

Study Design: Historical cohort study.

Setting: Academic medical center.

Impact of a large breast separation on radiation dose delivery to the ipsilateral lung as result of respiratory motion quantified using free breathing and 4D CT-based planning in patients with locally advanced breast cancers: a potential for adverse clinical implications.

Purpose: We examined the effects of large breast separation (BS) on dosimetric and positional differences of radiation treatment plans of locally advanced breast cancers during a free-breathing respiratory cycle.

Materials And Methods: Computed tomography (CT) datasets of 18 patients were acquired using 3D, 4D-0% (end-inspiration), and 4D-50% (end-exhalation). BS was examined in relation to the positional and dosimetric changes to organs-at-risk (OAR).