Investigating the impact of driving automation systems on distracted driving behaviors.

Driving automation systems (e.g., SAE Level 2) ultimately aim to enhance the comfort and safety of drivers.

Parent and Teen Factors Associated with the Amount and Variety of Supervised Practice Driving.

Despite the fact that a minimum number of practice hours for novice drivers has been widely adopted in the U.S., Australia, NZ and in some European countries, surprisingly little is known about the amount or variety of driving during the learner stage.

Crash rates over time among younger and older drivers in the SHRP 2 naturalistic driving study.

Objective: To examine crash rates over time among 16-17-year-old drivers compared to older drivers.

Methods: Data were from a random sample of 854 of the 3,500 study participants in SHRP 2, a U.S.

Kinematic risky driving behavior among younger and older drivers: Differences over time by age group and sex.

This research examined the incidence rates of elevated gravitational force events (kinematic risky driving, KRD) among 16- to 17-year-old drivers compared to those of 18- to 20-year-old, 21- to 25-year-old, and 35- to 55-year-old drivers over a 12-month period. Data were sampled from the Strategic Highway Research Program 2 (SHRP2) naturalistic driving study that recruited a U.S.

The driver-level crash risk associated with daily cellphone use and cellphone use while driving.

This study examined the overall prevalence of cellphone use, including the rates of calls and texts both per day and hourly while driving, and assessed whether or not individual crash risk was correlated with cellphone use. The study used data from the Second Strategic Highway Research Program Naturalistic Driving Study (SHRP 2 NDS), which had more than 3500 participants who provided up to three years of driving data. Of these participants, 620 provided cellphone records, 564 of which included both call and text records.

A validation of the low mileage bias using naturalistic driving study data.

Introduction: This paper evaluated the low mileage bias (LMB) phenomenon for senior drivers using data mined from the Second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2) Naturalistic Driving Study. Supporters of the LMB construct postulate that it is only those seniors who drive the lowest annual mileage who are primarily responsible for the increased crash rates traditionally attributed to this population in general.

Method: The current analysis included 802 participants, all aged 65 or older who were involved in 163 property damage and injury crashes, and deemed to be at-fault in 123 (75%) of those instances.

Factors Influencing Learner Permit Duration.

An increasing number of countries are requiring an extended learner permit prior to independent driving. The question of when drivers begin the learner permit period, and how long they hold the permit before advancing to independent licensure has received little research attention. Licensure timing is likely to be related to "push" and "pull" factors which may encourage or inhibit the process.

Performance of basic kinematic thresholds in the identification of crash and near-crash events within naturalistic driving data.

Understanding causal factors for traffic safety-critical events (e.g., crashes and near-crashes) is an important step in reducing their frequency and severity.

Red-light running violation prediction using observational and simulator data.

In the United States, 683 people were killed and an estimated 133,000 were injured in crashes due to running red lights in 2012. To help prevent/mitigate crashes caused by running red lights, these violations need to be identified before they occur, so both the road users (i.e.

Driver crash risk factors and prevalence evaluation using naturalistic driving data.

The accurate evaluation of crash causal factors can provide fundamental information for effective transportation policy, vehicle design, and driver education. Naturalistic driving (ND) data collected with multiple onboard video cameras and sensors provide a unique opportunity to evaluate risk factors during the seconds leading up to a crash. This paper uses a National Academy of Sciences-sponsored ND dataset comprising 905 injurious and property damage crash events, the magnitude of which allows the first direct analysis (to our knowledge) of causal factors using crashes only.

The effects of age on crash risk associated with driver distraction.

Background: Driver distraction is a major contributing factor to crashes, which are the leading cause of death for the US population under 35 years of age. The prevalence of secondary-task engagement and its impacts on distraction and crashes may vary substantially by driver age.

Methods: Driving performance and behaviour data were collected continuously using multiple cameras and sensors in situ for 3542 participant drivers recruited for up to 3 years for the Second Strategic Highway Research Program Naturalistic Driving Study.

Naturalistic teenage driving study: Findings and lessons learned.

Introduction: This paper summarizes the findings on novice teenage driving outcomes (e.g., crashes and risky driving behaviors) from the Naturalistic Teenage Driving Study.

Estimates of prevalence and risk associated with inattention and distraction based upon in situ naturalistic data.

By using in situ naturalistic driving data, estimates of prevalence and risk can be made regarding driver populations' secondary task distractions and crash rates. Through metadata analysis, three populations of drivers (i.e.

Higher crash and near-crash rates in teenaged drivers with lower cortisol response: an 18-month longitudinal, naturalistic study.

Importance: Road traffic crashes are one of the leading causes of injury and death among teenagers worldwide. Better understanding of the individual pathways to driving risk may lead to better-targeted intervention in this vulnerable group.

Objective: To examine the relationship between cortisol, a neurobiological marker of stress regulation linked to risky behavior, and driving risk.

Distracted driving and risk of road crashes among novice and experienced drivers.

Background: Distracted driving attributable to the performance of secondary tasks is a major cause of motor vehicle crashes both among teenagers who are novice drivers and among adults who are experienced drivers.

Methods: We conducted two studies on the relationship between the performance of secondary tasks, including cell-phone use, and the risk of crashes and near-crashes. To facilitate objective assessment, accelerometers, cameras, global positioning systems, and other sensors were installed in the vehicles of 42 newly licensed drivers (16.

Variability in crash and near-crash risk among novice teenage drivers: a naturalistic study.

Objective: Using video monitoring technologies, we investigated teenage driving risk variation during the first 18 months of independent driving.

Study Design: Driving data were collected on 42 teenagers whose vehicles were instrumented with sophisticated video and data recording devices. Surveys on demographic and personality characteristics were administered at baseline.

Peer influence predicts speeding prevalence among teenage drivers.

Impact On Industry: Preventing speed-related crashes could reduce costs and improve efficiency in the transportation industry.

Objective: This research examined the psychosocial and personality predictors of observed speeding among young drivers.

Method: Survey and driving data were collected from 42 newly-licensed teenage drivers during the first 18months of licensure.

The effect of passengers and risk-taking friends on risky driving and crashes/near crashes among novice teenagers.

Purpose: The high crash rates of novice teenage drivers are thought to be caused by inexperience and risky driving behavior, exacerbated by passengers, driving at night, and other complex driving conditions. This study examined factors associated with crash/near crash and risky driving rates among novice teenagers, including driving at night versus day, passenger presence and characteristics, and driver psychosocial factors.

Method: The vehicles of 42 newly licensed teenage drivers were equipped with recording systems that collected data on driving performance and occupant characteristics during their first 18 months of licensure.

Crash and risky driving involvement among novice adolescent drivers and their parents.

Objectives: We compared rates of risky driving among novice adolescent and adult drivers over the first 18 months of adolescents' licensure.

Methods: Data-recording systems installed in participants' vehicles provided information on driving performance of 42 newly licensed adolescent drivers and their parents. We analyzed crashes and near crashes and elevated g-force event rates by Poisson regression with random effects.

Naturalistic assessment of novice teenage crash experience.

Background: Crash risk is highest during the first months after licensure. Current knowledge about teenagers' driving exposure and the factors increasing their crash risk is based on self-reported data and crash database analyses. While these research tools are useful, new developments in naturalistic technologies have allowed researchers to examine newly-licensed teenagers' exposure and crash risk factors in greater detail.

Novice drivers' exposure to known risk factors during the first 18 months of licensure: the effect of vehicle ownership.

Objective: Though there is ample research indicating that nighttime, teen passengers, and speeding increase the risk of crash involvement, there is little research about teen drivers' exposure to these known risk factors. Three research questions were assessed in this article: (1) Does exposure to known risk factors change over time? (2) Do teenage drivers experience higher rates of exposure to known risk factors than adult drivers? (3) Do teenage drivers who own a vehicle experience higher rates of exposure to risk factors than those who share a family vehicle?

Methods: Forty-one newly licensed teenage drivers and at least one parent (adult) were recruited at licensure. Driving data were recorded for 18 months.

Hard Braking Events Among Novice Teenage Drivers By Passenger Characteristics.

In a naturalistic study of teenage drivers (N = 42) hard braking events of ≤-0.45 g were assessed over the first 6 months of licensure. A total of 1,721 hard braking events were recorded.

DETECTION OF ROAD HAZARDS BY NOVICE TEEN AND EXPERIENCED ADULT DRIVERS.

Previous laboratory and simulator research has indicated that hazard detection skills and abilities are less developed among novice drivers compared with experienced adult drivers. Novices tend to miss some relevant cues and may be less able to process important elements in the environment while driving. As was found with other research methods, it was hypothesized that novices would have lower hazard detection skills and will react less appropriately to hazards than older and more experienced drivers.

A method for evaluating collision avoidance systems using naturalistic driving data.

This paper describes a method for use in evaluating the performance of collision avoidance systems (CASs) using naturalistic driving data collected during real crashes and near-crashes. The method avoids evaluation of algorithms against specific assumptions of reaction times or response inputs. It minimizes interpretation of the involved driver's perception and response levels which permits generalizing findings beyond the performance of the involved driver.

The sleep of commercial vehicle drivers under the 2003 hours-of-service regulations.

Previous research has found that commercial drivers get an average of 5.18 h of sleep per night. The revised hours-of-service (HOS) regulations (in the United States) are in place to provide drivers with more opportunities to get sleep.