Age-related changes of blood-oxygen-level-dependent signal dynamics during optokinetic stimulation.

The present study aimed to reveal the effects of age on the temporal profile of the positive blood-oxygen-level-dependent response (PBR) during low-velocity optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) in healthy subjects. We were specifically interested in comparing these effects with the effects of age on the PBR elicited by pure visual and motor tasks. Therefore, we conducted 2 additional control experiments: a checkerboard experiment (visual stimulation) and a finger-tapping (motor task) experiment.

Coordination of bat sonar activity and flight for the exploration of three-dimensional objects.

The unique combination of flight and echolocation has opened the nocturnal air space as a rich ecological niche for bats. By analysing echoes of their sonar emissions, bats discriminate and recognize three-dimensional (3-D) objects. However, in contrast to vision, the 3-D information that can be gained by ensonifying an object from only one observation angle is sparse.

Cerebellar and visual gray matter brain volume increases in congenital nystagmus.

Structural brain abnormalities associated with congenital nystagmus (CN) are still unknown. In some patients with CN additional sensory, metabolic, or gross structural alterations can be detected. In the present study voxel-based morphometry was used to compare the gray matter (GM) brain volumes of 14 individuals with CN without associated sensory, metabolic, or obvious structural alterations (i.

Displacement of listing's plane by galvanic vestibular stimulation measured by 3-dimensional video-oculography.

Saccadic eye movements are located in Listings plane (LP). Activation of the semicircular canals moves the eye positions out of LP, whereas activation of the otolith organs shifts LP. Bipolar galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) with DC current stimulates the vestibular periphery, and it is thought to resemble virtual rotations mainly in roll.

Unilateral vestibular failure suppresses cortical visual motion processing.

Patients with unilateral vestibular failure (UVF) experience oscillopsia (apparent motion of the visual scene) during rapid head movements due to increased retinal slip caused by vestibulo-ocular reflex impairment. Oscillopsia is always smaller than the net retinal slip and decreases over time in patients with acquired vestibular loss; this correlates with increased thresholds for visual motion detection and increased tolerance to retinal slip. We investigated the underlying cortical adaptive processes using visual motion stimulation during blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) fMRI.

Documentation and teaching of surgery with an eye movement driven head-mounted camera: see what the surgeon sees and does.

A first proof of concept was developed for a head-mounted video camera system that is continuously aligned with the user's orientation of gaze. In doing so, it records images from the user's perspective that can document manual tasks during, e.g.