Management of Multidrug Resistant Infections in Lung Transplant Recipients with Cystic Fibrosis.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited multisystem disease characterised by bronchiectasis and chronic respiratory infections which eventually cause end stage lung disease. Lung transplantation (LTx) is a well-established treatment option for patients with CF-associated lung disease, improving survival and quality of life. Navigating recurrent infections in the setting of LTx is often difficult, where immune suppression must be balanced against the constant threat of infection.

Paraneoplastic acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia from lymphoma completely responding to bendamustine-rituximab.

Acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia (AFOP) is a rare histopathological pattern of lung injury characterized by prominent fibrin deposition in alveolar spaces. It may be idiopathic or associated with medications, connective tissue disease, infection, environmental exposures, transplantation, and malignancy. There is no proven treatment but multiple reports describe response to corticosteroids.

A challenging diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma with osteosarcomatous differentiation metastasizing to bone.

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an insidious primary neoplasm of the pleura that can be challenging to diagnose and is commonly considered to be only locally invasive. We present the case of a 74-year-old male who presented with clinical features of MPM but from whom pleural fluid and biopsies initially suggested benign pathology. He later developed diffuse bony metastases and re-examination of pleural biopsies using modern immunohistochemistry and molecular testing revealed a diagnosis of sarcomatoid and desmoplastic MPM with heterologous osteosarcomatous differentiation.

BK virus-associated nephropathy in a lung transplant patient: case report and literature review.

Background: BK virus-associated nephropathy (BKVAN) is a relatively common cause of renal dysfunction in the first six months after renal transplantation. It arises from reactivation of the latent and usually harmless BK virus (BK virus) due to immunosuppression and other factors including some that are unique to renal transplantation such as allograft injury. BKVAN is much rarer in non-renal solid organ transplantation, where data regarding diagnosis and management are extremely limited.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a lung transplant recipient presenting with memory impairment: Case report and literature review.

Background: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare demyelinating disease of the central nervous system caused by JC virus (JCV). The disease occurs in the setting of significant immunocompromise and has now been reported in many different settings, although only very rarely after lung transplantation. The mortality rate is high and therapeutic options are limited.

Case report of severe bronchial web-like stenoses after 'surviving the unsurvivable'.

Background: There are few cases of multiple bronchial stenoses reported in the literature and none of the severity described here. The case is relevant due to its rareness, the pathophysiological insights derived, the successful interventional pulmonology strategies demonstrated, and as an example of a rare indication for high-risk lung transplantation.

Case Presentation: A 47-year-old man developed multiple recurrent bronchial web-like stenoses five weeks after an episode of severe tracheo-bronchitis presumed secondary to a chemical inhalation injury which initially caused complete bilateral lung collapse necessitating veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

The utility of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in the diagnosis and monitoring of large vessel vasculitis: A South Australian retrospective audit.

Aims: To investigate the utility of fluorine-18-labelled deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in routine clinical practice to diagnose and monitor disease activity and treatment response in large vessel vasculitis in a South Australian cohort.

Methods: We performed a retrospective clinical audit of adult patients who received a FDG-PET at a tertiary referral center between August 2010 and August 2015, where the term "vasculitis" appeared in either the request or report.

Results: A total of 45 patients met the inclusion criteria.

De novo Propionibacterium acnes septic arthritis.

We report the third identifiable case of septic arthritis due to Propionibacterium acnes arising in the absence of prior surgical intervention. This anaerobic Gram-positive bacillus is now recognised as an important cause of postoperative infections, typically presenting in an indolent fashion some months after surgery. Reports of de novo septic arthritis due to P.

Sensitivity and specificity of three-point compression ultrasonography performed by emergency physicians for proximal lower extremity deep venous thrombosis.

Objective: The present study aims to quantify the sensitivity and specificity of three-point compression ultrasonography for diagnosing proximal lower extremity deep venous thrombosis when performed by Australian consultant emergency physicians with limited specific training. Secondary aims included quantifying rapidity, technical adequacy, predictability of equivocal results and relationships between emergency physician experience and proficiency.

Methods: This prospective diagnostic study enrolled a convenience sample of adult patients presenting to a major ED with suspected lower extremity deep venous thrombosis.

Hepatic artery dissection in a 65-year-old woman with acute pancreatitis.

We describe a case of hepatic artery dissection in a 65-year-old woman. This is the 22nd reported case of hepatic artery dissection, and the first associated with mild acute pancreatitis. The incidence of this condition may be increasing with rising rates of intervention affecting the biliary system.