Present status and future directions - Managing perforations.

Root perforations are severe complications and are associated with compromised endodontic treatment outcomes, especially when bacterial infection is allowed to establish. Perforations may occur due to pathological processes or treatment consequences. Various dental materials have been proposed over the years for perforation repair with varying degrees of success.

ProTaper NT system.

This article reviews the design and clinical use of the ProTaper NT file system.