Insights into Nitrogen-Associated Protein 50 (NAP50) as a Tyrosyl-DNA Phosphodiesterase in Dinoflagellates.

Nitrogen-associated protein 50 (NAP50) is an abundant plastid protein with an unknown function identified in (Dinophyceae). No progress has been made in discovering the function of NAP50 since its first characterization in 2009. The present study is a continuation of work on the predicted function of NAP50.

Proteomic insights of interaction between ichthyotoxic dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi and algicidal bacteria Maribacter dokdonensis.

Omics technology has been employed in recent research on algicidal bacteria, but previous transcriptomic studies mainly focused on bacteria or algae, neglecting their interaction. This study explores interactions between algicidal bacterium Maribacter dokdonesis P4 and target alga Karenia mikimotoi KMHK using proteomics. Proteomics responses of KMHK after co-culture with P4 in separate compartments of the transwell for 8 and 24 h were evaluated using tandem mass tags (TMT) proteomics, and changes of P4 proteomics were also assessed.

Interpreting the complexities of the plastid genome in dinoflagellates: a mini-review of recent advances.

Photosynthetic dinoflagellates play crucial roles in global primary production and carbon fixation. Despite their success in filling various ecological niches, numerous mysteries about their plastid evolution and plastid genomes remain unsolved. The plastid genome of dinoflagellates presents one of the most complex lineages in the biological realm, mainly due to multiple endosymbiotic plastid events in their evolutionary history.

Revealing the algicidal characteristics of Maribacter dokdonensis: An investigation into bacterial strain P4 isolated from Karenia mikimotoi bloom water.

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are a global environmental concern, causing significant economic losses in fisheries and posing risks to human health. Algicidal bacteria have been suggested as a potential solution to control HABs, but their algicidal efficacy is influenced by various factors. This study aimed to characterize a novel algicidal bacterium, Maribacter dokdonensis (P4), isolated from a Karenia mikimotoi (Hong Kong strain, KMHK) HAB and assess the impact of P4 and KMHK's doses, growth phase, and algicidal mode and the axenicity of KMHK on P4's algicidal effect.

Upregulation of Peridinin-Chlorophyll A-Binding Protein in a Toxic Strain of under Normal and Phosphate-Depleted Conditions.

Some strains of the dinoflagellate species show contrasting ability to produce diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins. We previously compared the okadaic acid (OA) production level between a highly toxic strain (CCMP2804) and a non-toxic strain (CCMP683) of and revealed that the cellular concentration of OA in CCMP2804 would increase significantly under the depletion of phosphate. To understand the molecular mechanisms, here, we compared and analyzed the proteome changes of both strains growing under normal condition and at phosphate depletion using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE).

Establish axenic cultures of armored and unarmored marine dinoflagellate species using density separation, antibacterial treatments and stepwise dilution selection.

Academic research on dinoflagellate, the primary causative agent of harmful algal blooms (HABs), is often hindered by the coexistence with bacteria in laboratory cultures. The development of axenic dinoflagellate cultures is challenging and no universally accepted method suit for different algal species. In this study, we demonstrated a promising approach combined density gradient centrifugation, antibiotic treatment, and serial dilution to generate axenic cultures of Karenia mikimotoi (KMHK).

The Mechanism of Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning Toxin Production in Prorocentrum spp.: Physiological and Molecular Perspectives.

Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) is a gastrointestinal disorder caused by the consumption of seafood contaminated with okadaic acid (OA) and dinophysistoxins (DTXs). OA and DTXs are potent inhibitors of protein phosphatases 2A, 1B, and 2B, which may promote cancer in the human digestive system. Their expression in dinoflagellates is strongly affected by nutritional and environmental factors.

Effects of different nitrate and phosphate concentrations on the growth and toxin production of an Alexandrium tamarense strain collected from Drake Passage.

Nitrate (N) and phosphate (P) are believed to be two of the most important nutrients for the growth and toxin production for Alexandrium species. The study of the growth and toxicity characteristics of the Alexandrium spp. under the change of N and P can help us to understand the dynamics of algal bloom and toxification events in natural environments.